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Szilard, Leo (1898-1964)

Submitted by Anonymous on Thu, 11/08/2007 - 20:19.
  • Biographical
  • Contemporary (Post-WWII)
  • Engineering
  • Images
  • Industrial/Military Technology
  • Links
  • Modern (18th-20th Century)
  • Personal
  • Primary Source
  • Secondary Source
URL: 

http://www.dannen.com/szilard.html

Author: 
Gene Dannen
Excerpt: 

Welcome to the world of physicist, biophysicist, and "scientist of conscience" Leo Szilard (1898-1964). How do you say it? Say SIL-ahrd.

Szilard's ideas included the linear accelerator, cyclotron, electron microscope, and nuclear chain reaction. Equally important was his insistence that scientists accept moral responsibility for the consequences of their work.

In his classic 1929 paper on Maxwell's Demon, Szilard identified the unit or "bit" of information. The World Wide Web that you now travel, and the computers that make it possible, show the importance of his long-unappreciated idea.

Annotation: 

This site is dedicated to the life and work of Leo Szilard, a European physicist who contributed to the development of the atomic bomb, but protested its use. The site focuses on Szilard's role in advocating arms control. The opening page is basic in design, with a couple of images, a small amount of text, and a list of links. A visitor must follow these links to find the bulk of the information. The site contains images, transcriptions of interviews and speeches, audio clips, a short bibliography, a biographical timeline, and links to external sources of information. Perhaps the most useful of these external links take a browser to the online index to the Leo Szilard papers housed at the University of California, San Diego.

Faces of Science: African Americans in the Sciences

Submitted by Anonymous on Thu, 11/08/2007 - 20:19.
  • Contemporary (Post-WWII)
  • Earth Sciences
  • Images
  • Life Sciences
  • Links
  • Medicine/Behavioral Science
  • Modern (18th-20th Century)
  • Physical Sciences
  • Professional Association
URL: 

http://www.princeton.edu/~mcbrown/display/faces.html

Author: 
Mitchell C. Brown, Mathematics and Physics Librarian, Fine Library, Princeton University
Excerpt: 

Profiled here are African American men and women who have contributed to the advancement of science and engineering. The accomplishments of the past and present can serve as pathfinders to present and future engineers and scientists. African American chemists, biologists, inventors, engineers, and mathematicians have contributed in both large and small ways that can be overlooked when chronicling the history of science. By describing the scientific history of selected African American men and women we can see how the efforts of individuals have advanced human understanding in the world around us.

Annotation: 

This site contains biographical profiles of over 200 African-American men and women who have contributed to the advancement of science and engineering. The site provides brief (roughly 250 word) biographies of scholars from fields such as biology, chemistry, physics, zoology, and veterinary medicine, as well as inventors. Among the scientists included in the site are prominent figures like George Washington Carver, scientist and inventor of numerous industrial applications for agricultural products, and astronomer and mathematician Benjamin Banneker. Each entry also includes a bibliography of sources for further biographical information. The site is indexed by scientist name and profession, and there are special sections for the biographies of 20 women scientists and 14 of the first African Americans to receive Ph.D.'s in science. Though there are no primary documents on this site, it is a good place to find general information on prominent African-American scientists throughout American history.

Blackwell in Residence: A Legacy Reborn

Submitted by Anonymous on Thu, 11/08/2007 - 20:19.
  • Links
  • Medicine/Behavioral Science
  • Modern (18th-20th Century)
  • Primary Source
  • University
URL: 

http://campus.hws.edu/his/blackwell/articles/residence.html

Author: 
Hobart and William Smith Colleges
Excerpt: 

The first woman to receive a medical degree in the United States, Blackwell came to Geneva in 1847 to study at Geneva Medical College, an ancestor to Hobart College and the only institution that would admit a female ‘pre-med’ to its all-male ranks. In a dedication ceremony for the sculpture on October 1, held in conjunction with the Kick-Off celebration for the Colleges’ capital campaign, President Hersh underscored the sculpture’s particular resonance for an institution defined by a coordinate philosophy

Annotation: 

This site maintained by Hobart and William Smith Colleges relates a brief account of Elizabeth Blackwell's life, specifically with regards to her education at Geneva Medical College. It also contains several articles, both recent and historic, about Blackwell.

Leo Szilard Online

Submitted by Anonymous on Thu, 11/08/2007 - 20:19.
  • Contemporary (Post-WWII)
  • Corporation
  • Images
  • Life Sciences
  • Links
  • Modern (18th-20th Century)
  • Physical Sciences
  • Primary Source
URL: 

http://www.dannen.com/szilard.html

Excerpt: 

Szilard's ideas included the linear accelerator, cyclotron, electron microscope, and nuclear chain reaction. Equally important was his insistence that scientists accept moral responsibility for the consequences of their work.

Annotation: 

Site contains several biographies of the physicist and biophysicist Leo Szilard. Interviews and other primary sources are made available, as well as links to other sites for potential research. A number of images are present as is an extensive bibliography.

Steam Engine Library

Submitted by Anonymous on Thu, 11/08/2007 - 20:19.
  • Engineering
  • Links
  • Modern (18th-20th Century)
  • Primary Source
  • University
URL: 

http://www.history.rochester.edu/steam/

Excerpt: 

A collection of historical documents relating to the history of the steam engine

Annotation: 

A searchable collection of historical books and articles about the steam engine. Several good sources, but page has not been updated since 2000.

African-American Inventors

Submitted by Anonymous on Thu, 11/08/2007 - 20:19.
  • Computers/Information Technology
  • Consumer Technology
  • Contemporary (Post-WWII)
  • Engineering
  • Industrial/Military Technology
  • Links
  • Modern (18th-20th Century)
  • Personal
URL: 

http://www.ehhs.cmich.edu/~rlandrum/

Author: 
Ron Landrum
Excerpt: 

A
new site
that is dedicated
to the memory of the
many African-American inventors
that have helped
to develop this land of Diaspora that we have built.

National Women's Hall of Fame

Submitted by Anonymous on Thu, 11/08/2007 - 20:19.
  • Business and Industry
  • Contemporary (Post-WWII)
  • Earth Sciences
  • Images
  • Life Sciences
  • Links
  • Medicine/Behavioral Science
  • Modern (18th-20th Century)
  • Physical Sciences
  • Professional Association
URL: 

http://www.greatwomen.org/

Author: 
The National Women's Hall of Fame
Excerpt: 

In 1969, a group of women and men of Seneca Falls created the National Women's Hall of Fame, believing that the contribution of American women deserved a permanent home in the small village where it all began. The Hall is home to exhibits, artifacts of historical interest, a research library and office. The National Women's Hall of Fame, a national membership organization, holds as its mission:

"To honor in perpetuity these women, citizens of the United States of America whose contributions to the arts, athletics, business, education, government, the humanities, philanthropy and science, have been the greatest value for the development of their country."©
The Hall is a shrine to some of the greatest women in the history of this country and a tribute that grows annually with each induction ceremony as we learn to appreciate more about the wonderful contributions that women make to our civilization.

Annotation: 

Site contains brief biographies for over two hundred women complemented with bibliographies for further study.

Toaster Museum Foundation Homepage

Submitted by Anonymous on Thu, 11/08/2007 - 20:19.
  • Consumer Technology
  • Contemporary (Post-WWII)
  • Images
  • Links
  • Modern (18th-20th Century)
  • Professional Association
URL: 

http://www.toaster.org/

Author: 
Eric Norcross
Excerpt: 

The process of scorching bread to preserve it spread through many cultures. The word toast comes from the Latin Torrere, Tostum - to scorch or burn. The Romans, in their conquests, took their love of toasted bread with them and spread the custom farther, even up into Britain. Later, English colonists brought the tradition to the Americas.

Annotation: 

The toaster Museum Foundation Homepage acts as a surprisingly informative collection of materials concerning a kitchen appliance whose impact, though trivial in some ways, has touched most Americans. The site gives some background on the history of toast and then consists mostly of images of various toasters throughout the years and brief summaries of their function, design, and historic context. Exerpts from ads, funny quotes and poems, and supplemental essays on specific models or product lines give additional flavor to the site. Some of the information is given in a toungue-in-cheek style, but the content is still usefull. The site is easily navigated and fun.

History of the First Locomotives in America

Submitted by Anonymous on Thu, 11/08/2007 - 20:19.
  • Industrial/Military Technology
  • Links
  • Modern (18th-20th Century)
  • Primary Source
  • University
URL: 

http://www.history.rochester.edu/steam/brown/index.html

Author: 
William H. Brown
Excerpt: 

THERE is, perhaps, at the present day, no subject upon which the community at large is so poorly in formed as the history of the first locomotives in America-in what year they were built, where they were constructed, and upon what railroad they were first introduced and employed in actual service.

Annotation: 

Reproduction of 1871 book The History of the First Locomotives In America: From Original Documents And The Testimony Of Living Witnesses.

RaceSci: History of Race in Science

Submitted by Anonymous on Thu, 11/08/2007 - 20:19.
  • Artifacts
  • Biographical
  • Contemporary (Post-WWII)
  • Educational
  • Exhibit
  • Images
  • Journal
  • Journal (Free Content)
  • Life Sciences
  • Links
  • Medicine/Behavioral Science
  • Modern (18th-20th Century)
  • Non-Profit
  • Primary Source
  • University
URL: 

http://www.mit.edu/afs/athena/org/r/racescience/

Author: 
Evelynn Hammonds, ed., History of Science Program in Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Excerpt: 

The RaceSci Website is a resource for scholars and students interested in the history of "race" in science, medicine, and technology. RaceSci is dedicated to encouraging critical, anti-racist and interdisciplinary approaches to our understanding of the production and uses of "race" as a concept within the history of science. Instead of assuming race as a natural category that science then uncovers, this site assembles scholarly works that look at how cultural processes of racialization have profoundly shaped knowledge about humanness, health, and even our understanding of "nature" itself.

Annotation: 

RaceSci is a site dedicated to supporting and expanding the discussion of race and science. The site provides five bibliographies of books and articles about race and science. The section on current scholarship has 1,000 entries, organized into 38 subjects. A bibliography of primary source material includes 91 books published between the 1850s and the 1990s. Visitors can currently view 14 syllabi for high school and college courses in social studies, history of science, rhetoric, and medicine. The site links to 13 recently published articles about race and science and to 49 sites about race, gender, health, science, and ethnicity. This site will be useful for teachers designing curricula about race and for researchers looking for secondary source material.

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