THERE is, perhaps, at the present day, no subject upon which the community at large is so poorly in formed as the history of the first locomotives in America-in what year they were built, where they were constructed, and upon what railroad they were first introduced and employed in actual service.
Reproduction of 1871 book The History of the First Locomotives In America: From Original Documents And The Testimony Of Living Witnesses.
The RaceSci Website is a resource for scholars and students interested in the history of "race" in science, medicine, and technology. RaceSci is dedicated to encouraging critical, anti-racist and interdisciplinary approaches to our understanding of the production and uses of "race" as a concept within the history of science. Instead of assuming race as a natural category that science then uncovers, this site assembles scholarly works that look at how cultural processes of racialization have profoundly shaped knowledge about humanness, health, and even our understanding of "nature" itself.
RaceSci is a site dedicated to supporting and expanding the discussion of race and science. The site provides five bibliographies of books and articles about race and science. The section on current scholarship has 1,000 entries, organized into 38 subjects. A bibliography of primary source material includes 91 books published between the 1850s and the 1990s. Visitors can currently view 14 syllabi for high school and college courses in social studies, history of science, rhetoric, and medicine. The site links to 13 recently published articles about race and science and to 49 sites about race, gender, health, science, and ethnicity. This site will be useful for teachers designing curricula about race and for researchers looking for secondary source material.
Sending humans to the Moon was arguably the most difficult technological undertaking in all of history. For sure, the best of America's scientists and engineers were taxed to the limit in order to accomplish nine manned flights to the Moon, six of which involved landing on the crater-filled lunar surface. The scientific results of the Apollo program were staggering. Much that was learned during Apollo required scientists to revise their basic understanding and theories about the Moon's formation and history. And the samples and data collected during Apollo will keep those scientists busy for decades to come.
This site documents the NASA Apollo missions to the moon from 1969-1972. The site includes mission summaries, crew bios, flight plans, communication transcripts, and more. Special features of the site are video and audio files, and supplemental commentary by most of the Apollo astronauts. Technical descriptions of the tools and equipment help readers understand the astronauts' work. This site offers a large collection of materials concerning the nuts and bolts of the Apollo flights with some supplemental historical background added for context. The site navigation is a little cluttered but the available information gives an important window into the workings of NASA and the Apollo missions.
One of the commonest questions which the readers of this archive ask is: Who discovered zero? Why then have we not written an article on zero as one of the first in the archive? The reason is basically because of the difficulty of answering the question in a satisfactory form. If someone had come up with the concept of zero which everyone then saw as a brilliant innovation to enter mathematics from that time on, the question would have a satisfactory answer even if we did not know which genius invented it. The historical record, however, shows quite a different path towards the concept. Zero makes shadowy appearances only to vanish again almost as if mathematicians were searching for it yet did not recognise its fundamental significance even when they saw it.
The MacTutor Archive hosts thousands of biographical sketches of important mathematicians. Many of the biographies include links to documents and other materials related to mathematicans. Searches can be performed alphabetically or chronologically. In addition to the biographies, the site also includes a number of essays that are grouped by culture and topic. Thus the chronology of Pi or the history of zero can be found under "Arab Mathematics" and "Number Theory" among other categories. This is one of the most-linked to history of science sites on the web because it contains so much information.
Ordered to copy the Nieuport 17, the Albatros company developed the impressive D.I. Unlike other fighters at the time, its fuselage was covered with sheets of plywood rather than stretched fabric. This gave the D.I great strength and rigidity. Despite poor visibility to the front and above, Oswald Boelcke used this plane to achieve 11 victories in 16 days. The Albatros D.I reestablished German air superiority and made the British "pusher" designs obsolete.
The Areodrome site offers lists of World War I aces, their combat stats, and a chronology of kills and events. The site offers little historical background or narative text; however, the site is useful for short desciptions of many kinds of WWI aircraft, and short bios of specific aces, which include military honors, time, date, and location of their kills, and what aircraft they flew. The site is not searchable, but all of the records are indexed and linked to make the site very easy to navigate.
One of the most forgotten chapters in US history is the one that tells the story of how this country got into the space business. Though other DoD agencies were working (and sometimes with the Army) on rockets and missiles, it was the Army that distinguished itself by being the first in space. In 1990, the (then) US Army Missile Command's Historical Office was instrumental in coordinating a DA-level recognition of those long-forgotten accomplishments. These articles provide excellent background on those pioneering days at Redstone Arsenal.
This site offers a wide range of historical information pertaining to the Redstone Arsenal in Huntsville Alabama. This information focuses on the history of the arsenal, its role in certain conflicts such as World War II and the first Gulf War, and also the contribution of the arsenal to specific military programs, especially the development of missiles and early space flight. The site includes some interesting images, oral histories, scanned military documents, and desciptions of activities at the arsenal during various time periods. The site is a little jumbled, but the information is worth wading through for those interested in the history of the military and military technology.
The Historic American Buildings Survey (HABS) and the Historic American Engineering Record (HAER) collections are among the largest and most heavily used in the Prints and Photographs Division of the Library of Congress. The collections document achievements in architecture, engineering, and design in the United States and its territories through a comprehensive range of building types and engineering technologies including examples as diverse as the Pueblo of Acoma, houses, windmills, one-room schools, the Golden Gate Bridge, and buildings designed by Frank Lloyd Wright.
The Historic American Buildings Survey (HABS) and the Historic American Engineering Record (HAER) collection includes digital images of measured drawings, large-format photographs, and written histories for 10,000 historic structures and sites dating from the seventeenth to the twentieth century. These collections display building types and engineering technologies from a farmhouse to a pickle factory, from churches to the Golden Gate Bridge. New material is added monthly. A gallery of images includes 36 photographs and 18 drawings of 50 structures, one from each state in the U.S. The site is searchable by geographic location, keyword, and a subject index that is organized by structure type. For each structure, the site provides from one to ten drawings, from one to 30 photographs, and from one to 50 pages of HABS text in facsimile detailing the structure’s history, significance, and current physical condition. Useful for a specialized audience, for architectural historians, or for those looking for illustrations and examples.
The Charles Babbage Institute is an historical archives and research center of the University of Minnesota. CBI is dedicated to promoting study of the history of information technology and information processing and their impact on society. CBI preserves relevant historical documentation in all media, conducts and fosters research in history and archival methods, offers graduate fellowships, and sponsors symposia, conferences, and publications.
Excellent resource for serious research in computer technology fields. The archival collections, including large photographic files, are indexed with strong abstracts, and are both browsable and searchable. However, PDF files of their "research-grade" oral history collection are available online. These recount the experiences of over three hundred individuals whose work developed computers, software, and networking. The site also contains essays on Charles Babbage and the computing industry in Minnesota, as well as PDF files of the CBI Newsletter. The Cray Research Virtual Museum displays many of the large scale computers built by Seymour Cray in the 1950s and 1960s. Links are made to other websites, bibliographies, and research collections and tools.
The Jerome and Dorothy Lemelson Center was founded in 1995 at the National Museum of American History, Smithsonian Institution, through a generous gift from the Lemelson Foundation. The Center's mission is to document, interpret, and disseminate information about invention and innovation, to encourage inventive creativity in young people, and to foster an appreciation for the central role invention and innovation play in the history of the United States.
This site, developed by the Society for the History of Technology, teaches the history of the production and consumption of textiles. Three completed "modular units," Early Industrialization, True Colors, and Synthetic Fibers, link the history of textile technology to issues of race and gender in American history. Five more units will be available soon. Web teaching materials include teacher and student essays, lesson plans, slide shows, videos, and documents. Other collaborators on the project include the National Science Foundation; the Lemelson Center for the Study of Invention and Innovation, National Museum of American History, Smithsonian Institution; and the Center for Children and Technology. The site is designed for middle and high school students and social studies teachers.
The Alexander Graham Bell family collection brings together a wide range of documents accumulated by Dr. Bell and his family during their time in Baddeck, Nova Scotia. The Alexander Graham Bell Institute has developed a comprehensive index of these materials. This index, with online access to several components of the Bell collection, can be accessed using the World Wide Web.
An online collection of portions of the Bell Institute's holdings, which are largely reproductions from the Library of Congress. Contains a vast amount of documentation on topics which include correspondence, the Aerial Experiment Association, and lab notes. These are accessible by browsing drop down menus which allow one to choose collection, volume, and page. It also can be searched using predefined or custom keywords. The Bell Family Archive also contains a an image gallery of photos ranging from telephones to kites to family members. A virtual tour of the Institute itself is available, as are a series of printable reproductions of games, diagrams, and experiments for children. An excellent resource for researchers interested in Bell.
