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John Holland was a brilliant man with a vision of how submarines could change naval warfare. His humble beginnings gave no clue of the contribution he would make not to his native Ireland but to the navies of some of the world's most powerful countries.

John Phillip Holland was born in 1841 to John and Mary Scanlon Holland in Liscannor, Co. Clare. His mother was an Irish speaker, so John and his brothers learned English only after they were old enough to attend school.

"Experimentalization of life" designates a process that began in Europe around 1800 to reconfigure science, art, and technology. After experimental physiology had established itself as one of the paradigmatic disciplines of the 19th century, psychology and linguistics also became laboratory-based enterprises.

Experimental cultures emerged thereafter in a variety of places, as for example in literary movements relying on automatism, aleatorics, and combination. New media such as photography and film transformed the fine arts and the sciences. Cities became vast fields of experience in which people undertook all sorts of experiments in living.

The project investigates the experimentalization of life with a focus on the material culture of instruments, buildings and supply technologies. In a "Virtual Laboratory", relevant source materials as well as results of ongoing research work are made accessible online.

This is a pilot site for the electronic edition of the correspondence of Linnaeus now being prepared under the aegis of the Swedish Linnaean Society, the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, Uppsala University and its library, and the Linnean Society of London, in collaboration with the Centre international d’étude du XVIIIe siècle of Ferney-Voltaire. The project is financed by the research foundation of the Swedish National Bank.

Five elements are currently provided:

1. The texts of the letters
2. Summaries, critical apparatus and annotation
3. A list of the letters available and/or cited in the notes
4. A biographical glossary
5. A bibliography of works cited

Over 90 megabytes online of information on alchemy in all its facets. Divided into over 1300 sections and providing tens of thousands of pages of text, over 2000 images, over 200 complete alchemical texts, extensive bibliographical material on the printed books and manuscripts, numerous articles, introductory and general reference material on alchemy.

Description of Collection:
Over six thousand letters, which include drafts, fair copies and carbons of Bohr's replies. The correspondence covers the development of quantum and nuclear physics. Correspondents include:

Hans Albrecht Bethe, Patrick Maynard Stuart Blackett, Felix Bloch, Harald Bohr, Max Born,
Christian Christiansen, Dirk Coster, Marie Curie, C. Cuthbertson,
Charles Galton Darwin, B. Davis, P. Debye, Max Delbrück, Paul Adrien Maurice Dirac, W. Duane,
Paul Ehrenfest, Albert Einstein, W.M. Elsasser, Poul Sophus Epstein,

A collection of some 25,000 historical photographs, slides, lithographs, engravings, and other visual materials, the Emilio Segrè Visual Archives is part of the Niels Bohr Library of the Center for History of Physics at the American Institute of Physics. The collection focuses on American physicists and astronomers of the twentieth century, but includes many scientists in Europe and elsewhere, in other fields related to physics, and in earlier times.

Historic Pittsburgh is a digital collection that provides an opportunity to explore and research the history of Pittsburgh and the surrounding Western Pennsylvania area on the Internet. This website enables access to historic material held by the University of Pittsburgh's University Library System, the Library & Archives of the Historical Society of Western Pennsylvania at the Senator John Heinz Pittsburgh Regional History Center, and the Carnegie Museum of Art. The project represents a model of cooperation between libraries and museums in providing online access to their respective materials.

The Social Welfare History Archives has acquired over 200 collections of organizational records or personal papers. The collections chronicle the development of a broad range of activities. Included are the classic social services offered to particularly vulnerable classes of persons, e. g., the economically dependent, recent immigrants, migrants and refugees, unwed mothers, abused and abandoned children, the aged, and the developmentally and physically challenged. Beyond these are causes and services aimed at the broader community, many of them not traditionally included in a narrow definition of social welfare: child-rearing advice for parents, recreation programs, community planning, arts programs, preventive health, and family planning. Because of the problem-solving mindset of the service field, the collection as a whole tends to stress times of crises. Coverage is richest in--but not limited to--times of war, depression, or other types of social and economic dislocation.

Tutankhamun: Anatomy of an Excavation is ambitious in its scope but simple in its aims: to make the complete records of Howard Carter's excavation of the tomb of Tutankhamun available on these web pages. It is astonishing, but no longer acceptable, that some eighty years and thousands of articles, hundreds of books, and dozens of exhibitions after the discovery of the tomb, this most famous event in the history of Egyptian archaeology has not yet been fully published.

Airline history in the continental United States of America was shaped early in its life by the US Postal Service's airmail contract system. This was extended to allow passenger carriers to win routes. The first routes were long-haul, trans-continental trunk routes connecting major hubs and these routes were what made the 'big-four' US airlines successful.

Secondary local routes feeding the trans-continental hubs were then awarded. So carriers in the US were divided into major and local companies. In more recent times most of these smaller carriers were taken over by the larger ones and so we see American, for instance, flying both trunk and feeder services.