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Lindenthal, Gustav

Submitted by Anonymous on Thu, 11/08/2007 - 20:22.
  • Biographical
  • Engineering
  • Images
  • Links
  • Modern (18th-20th Century)
  • Professional Association
  • Secondary Source
URL: 

http://www.asce.org/history/bio_lindenthal.html

Author: 
American Society of Civil Engineers
Excerpt: 

By 1881, he had established an engineering practice in Pittsburgh, where he built several bridges, including the Smithfield Street Bridge, a stunning example of the lenticular truss. Lindenthal also worked on a variety of railroad projects, including surveying and estimating for rail lines in Pennsylvania and the reconstruction of bridges on what is now the Erie Railroad. In 1885, officials with the Pennsylvania Railroad approached him with a project thtat, although he never got to build it, would fascinate him the rest of his life—a bridge across the Hudson River to link New York City with New Jersey.

Annotation: 

This page is one in a series of biographies about famous civil engineers. The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) follows Gustav Lindenthal's career from Austria to the United States, including each of his several bridge-building projects in and around New York City. The link to photos of the architect's work returns nothing but a blank page; however, each bridge mentioned in the body of the page's text has a link to a picture and a description of the structure. Clicking the "resources" link brings up a modicum of recommended reading to spur on any aspiring researchers.

The Iron Bridge - How Was It Built?

Submitted by Anonymous on Thu, 11/08/2007 - 20:22.
  • Corporation
  • Early Modern (15th-18th Century)
  • Engineering
  • Images
  • Modern (18th-20th Century)
  • Secondary Source
URL: 

http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/society_culture/industrialisation/iron_bridge_01.shtml

Author: 
David de Haan
Excerpt: 

Despite its pioneering technology in 1779, as the first structural use of cast iron, no eye witness accounts are known which describe the Iron Bridge being erected. However, recent discoveries, research and experiments have shed new light on the mystery of exactly how it was built, challenging the assumptions of recent decades. In 1997 a small watercolour sketch by Elias Martin came to light in Stockholm. Although there are a wealth of early views of the Bridge by numerous artists, this is the only one which actually shows it under construction.

Annotation: 

The BBC's David de Haan discusses the many advances in investigating how England's Iron Bridge, designed by Abraham Darby, was built. To do so, he focuses on a 2001 attempt to reconstruct the bridge at half scale using period materials. The article includes a detailed account of the project, as well as photographs of the project, computerized images of the bridge's architecture, and photos of the bridge itself. De Haan also includes facts and figures about the original Iron Bridge and provides a brief list of further readings on the subject.

Report on a Rail-way Suspension Bridge Across the Connecticut at Middletown

Submitted by Anonymous on Thu, 11/08/2007 - 20:22.
  • Engineering
  • Images
  • Modern (18th-20th Century)
  • Primary Source
  • University
URL: 

http://bridges.lib.lehigh.edu/books/book501.html

Author: 
Digital Bridges, Lehigh University
Excerpt: 

Personal author:
Ellet, Charles, 1810-1862.

Title:
Report on a rail-way suspension bridge across the
Connecticut, at Middletown, with a proposal for its
construction, to a committee of the citizens of

Annotation: 

Facsimile of Ellet's report published in 1848. Also available in pdf and tiff formats.

Hudson River Bridge (unbuilt)

Submitted by Anonymous on Thu, 11/08/2007 - 20:22.
  • Contemporary (Post-WWII)
  • Engineering
  • Images
  • Modern (18th-20th Century)
  • Personal
  • Secondary Source
URL: 

http://www.nycroads.com/crossings/hudson-river-bridge/

Author: 
Steve Anderson
Excerpt: 

In 1885, Gustav Lindenthal, a bridge engineer who established his reputation on two notable Pittsburgh spans, was approached by officials at the Pennsylvania Railroad regarding the feasibility of a railroad crossing across the Hudson River. At that time, the Pennsylvania Railroad was at a disadvantage vis-à-vis its chief competitor, the New York Central Railroad, because it did not have a direct entrance into Manhattan.

Because of the smoke that emanated from the locomotives of the era, the railroad favored a bridge across the Hudson rather than a tunnel. After giving serious thought to a cantilever design, Lindenthal decided upon a suspension bridge because such a design would allow wider distances between piers. However, the suspension bridge would have to have a main span of about 3,000 feet, nearly twice the length of the main span of the Brooklyn Bridge completed two years earlier.

Annotation: 

This page, part of a site that presents the history of New York's roads with tremendous depth, chronicles a century-and-a-half's worth of unsuccessful efforts to construct a bridge over the Hudson River, including the initial attempt by Gustav Lindenthal. Site author Steve Anderson probes the structural intricacies of the different projects with quotations and period drawings, as well as more recent photographs. However, economic details accompany architectural specifications, and Anderson paints a clear picture of the engineers' struggles to execute their job.

Lennox Bridge

Submitted by Anonymous on Thu, 11/08/2007 - 20:22.
  • Corporation
  • Engineering
  • Images
  • Modern (18th-20th Century)
  • Secondary Source
URL: 

http://simplyaustralia.net/issue1/lennoxhistory.html

Author: 
Jim Low
Excerpt: 

Lennox Bridge is the oldest surviving bridge on the Australian mainland. This sandstone, single arched bridge is situated in a bushland setting on the eastern escarpment of the Blue Mountains of New South Wales and is well worth a visit. The bridge can now only be approached from the western side along Mitchell’s Pass. Once across the bridge, the roadway changes to one way traffic down the Pass.

Annotation: 

Jim Low of SimplyAustralia.com provides an illustrated history of Lennox Bridge, the first permanent stone bridge on the continent. His commentary includes details on the labor, money, and time associated with building - and later restoring - the bridge. The photographs of the restoration are of particularly high quality, and Low talks about the architectural aspects of the restoration far more than those of the initial construction.

Ironbridge - Production of the Iron ribs for the BBC Timewatch programme

Submitted by Anonymous on Thu, 11/08/2007 - 20:22.
  • Corporation
  • Engineering
  • Images
  • Secondary Source
URL: 

http://www.hdowns.co.uk/ironbridge1.htm

Author: 
Nigel Downs, H. Downs and Sons, Ltd. Iron Founders
Excerpt: 

Firstly a base was laid down to cover the area of two of the ribs. The white bar coming from centre RHS is the radial pole for positioning the pattern equipment. The red pieces among the men are the pieces of patterns used. Segments of the rib were rammed with sand and then moved to form the next section of the mould.
The mould was 36 feet long with a cross section of the rib being 4.5" x 3".
The blue machine above the radial pole is the sand mixer. This mixer is computer controlled to allow resins and catalysts to be mixed with reclaimed sand. The temperature of the sand, ambient temperature and speed at which we require it to set are controlled automatically. The sand it produces is used to make the mould, into which we will pour the molten iron. It was imperative to have a flat bed as the iron like water would find its own level, if we were too high at one end the metal would overflow at the other and provide the BBC with a floor of metal.

Annotation: 

Technical details of the making of the iron ribs for the half scale model produced for the BBC Timewatch programme.

Schuylkill River Bridge Engraving by Alexander Lawson

Submitted by Anonymous on Thu, 11/08/2007 - 20:22.
  • Engineering
  • Images
  • Modern (18th-20th Century)
  • Non-Profit
  • Primary Source
  • Professional Association
URL: 

http://www.pspaonline.com/stat1.html

Author: 
Philadelphia Society for Promoting Agriculture
Excerpt: 

Alexander Lawson's engraving, "Architectural Plan and Elevation of the Schuylkill P. Bridge," illustrates A Statistical Account of the Schuylkill Permanent Bridge, Communicated to the Philadelphia Society of Agriculture, 1806 (Philadelphia: Printed by Jane Aitken, 1807), which was bound with the first volume of the Society's Memoirs. The Society's interest in such a structure acknowledges its importance to the development of the Philadelphia region, both agriculturally and commercially.

Annotation: 

Alexander Lawson's engraving, "Architectural Plan and Elevation of the Schuylkill P. Bridge,"

John Roebling

Submitted by Anonymous on Thu, 11/08/2007 - 20:22.
  • Engineering
  • Images
  • Modern (18th-20th Century)
  • Secondary Source
  • University
URL: 

http://www.uh.edu/engines/epi87.htm

Author: 
John H. Lienhard, Professor of Mechanical Engineering and History, University of Houston
Excerpt: 

Today, we meet the father and son who built the Brooklyn Bridge. The University of Houston's College of Engineering presents this series about the machines that make our civilization run, and the people whose ingenuity created them.

For me, the story of John Roebling begins in Kentucky, not far from where I used to live. On Sunday afternoons my wife and I would take our kids to see Old High Bridge over the Kentucky River. A plaque credits John Roebling with having started this old bridge in 1853. Actually, the bridge there today has been entirely reconceived. Still, the glorious spider web of steel emerging out of the quiet hilly isolation around it powerfully evokes Roebling's sense of design.

Annotation: 

John and Washington Roebling and the Brooklyn Bridge. Essay by John H. Lienhard.

John A. Roebling Cincinnati Suspension Bridge

Submitted by Anonymous on Thu, 11/08/2007 - 20:22.
  • Contemporary (Post-WWII)
  • Engineering
  • Images
  • Modern (18th-20th Century)
  • Personal
  • Secondary Source
URL: 

http://www.cincinnati-transit.net/suspension.html

Author: 
Jake Mecklenborg
Excerpt: 

Few American cities can claim a landmark as distinctive as Cincinnati's Suspension Bridge. The Covington and Cincinnati Bridge, in 1984 renamed after designer John A. Roebling, and all the while called by locals simply "The Suspension Bridge", has been a symbol of the city since its opening in December of 1866. Images of the bridge can be seen today in all parts of the city hanging in homes, offices, restaurants, bars, waiting rooms, and as backdrops for the local television news. More than just a nostalgic decoration, the old bridge remains an important river crossing for thousands of cars and buses each day.

...The bridge opened to pedestrians in December 1866, and the 1,057ft. main span was at that time the longest in the world, surpassing the Wheeling, WV suspension bridge (1849). Not only was the Cincinnati Suspension Bridge the world's longest, but it was also the first to utilize both vertical suspenders and diagonal stays fanning from either tower. This advance was next seen on the Brooklyn Bridge (also designed by John Roebling), which surpassed the Cincinnati bridge in length and almost every other statistical category in 1883.

Annotation: 

History and photographs of Roebling's 1866 span between Cincinnati, Ohio and Covington, Kentucky.

The Roebling Online History Archive

Submitted by Anonymous on Thu, 11/08/2007 - 20:22.
  • Biographical
  • Engineering
  • Images
  • Modern (18th-20th Century)
  • Non-Profit
  • Primary Source
  • Secondary Source
URL: 

http://www.inventionfactory.com/history/main.html

Author: 
The Online History Guide
Excerpt: 

The John A. Roebling's Sons company and its employees played an important role in the lives of many, if not all, Americans with thier power to make the impossible, possible and the impractical, practical.

This web site tells the story of one man from Prussia and his family, the people who worked for them, and the communities they built. The archive is mostly Primary Source material and is divided into four sections. For an introduction to the Company, check out The Roebling Story a history published by the company on its Centennial Anniversery. Then check out General History of the Roebling Company for more on the company and the family that built it.

Annotation: 

The Online History Guide has assembled a history of the Roebling family and its contributions to the architectural world. Content includes a five-chapter chronicle of the company's projects and use of construction wire; primary sources from John A. Roebling's son, Washington; thirteen narratives from company employees; and a history of the Roebling bridge division. The site's layout is primitive at best and bewildering at worst - it was originally designed for Netscape 2.0, meaning the site originates from as early as 1996 - but the breadth of content compensates for the aesthetic clumsiness.

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