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The History of the Dow Jones Averages

Submitted by Anonymous on Thu, 11/08/2007 - 20:23.
  • Corporation
  • Educational
  • Engineering
  • Industrial/Military Technology
  • Modern (18th-20th Century)
  • Secondary Source
URL: 

http://www.cftech.com/BrainBank/FINANCE/DowJonesAvgsHist.html

Excerpt: 

Neither financier nor broker Charles Dow was a journalist. The stock averages he devised provided a window for outsiders to view the market; Wall Street types were welcome to use it, but they were not his chief concern.

When Dow came to Wall Street, the investment market of choice was bonds. Investors liked securities that were backed by real machinery, factories and other hard assets. They felt reassured by the predictability of income that bonds offered, as well as the specific dates of maturity when their principle would be returned. The stock market, by contrast, dealt in "shares of ownership" which had no specific claim on anything a company owned.

Annotation: 

This site chronicles how Charles Dow devised the now famous Dow Jones stock averages, and how they developed from 1884 to 1995. Besides terminology that may sometimes leave the uninitiated scratching their heads, this site is a good starting point for understanding the history and function of today's stock exchanges. The short and rather basic story of Charles Dow's average is supplemented through links to information such as lists of companies tracked by each of the Dow Jones averages, an explanation of the OTC market and Nasdaq, and listing standards for the New York Stock Exchange. A table also lists historical records for the NYSE. The navigation within the site is not facilitated by tabs, a side bar, or search tool, but the site is small enough to navigate easily.

Turkish Aircraft Production History

Submitted by Anonymous on Thu, 11/08/2007 - 20:22.
  • Aviation/Space Exploration
  • Educational
  • Images
  • Industrial/Military Technology
  • Links
  • Secondary Source
URL: 

http://www.tuncay-deniz.com/ENGLISH/english.html

Excerpt: 

It is not widely known that Turkey began quite early to be active in aircraft production. At the beginning the aircraft production was supported mainly by the army. After a difficult start-up phase this status changed only gradually. In the course of time, both civilian institutions and private persons worked in this interesting area. In the following you will find the very first attempt to present this quite unknown part of aviation in a very summarized form.

Annotation: 

This site, dedicated to the history of a Turkish aircraft industry, gives a summarized version of the material available in a book by the site's author, an aviation enthusiast who was born in Turkey and grew up in Germany. The site has a very basic design and the navigation is difficult because the pages are labled in many cases by Turkish names and acronyms that are not readily understandable by an english-speaking audiance. Also, each page is not cross-linked, so viewers will have to back-click to the first page before continueing to each following section. But despite the navigational difficulties, the site does offer some interesting information about the Turkish government's interest in aircraft and the partnerships between Turkish groups and foreign manufacturers. The site includes tables that list aircraft licenced for production in Turkey, the years of production, and the actual numbers produced. There are also a few images.

Bridging New York

Submitted by Anonymous on Thu, 11/08/2007 - 20:22.
  • Educational
  • Engineering
  • Government
  • Images
  • Modern (18th-20th Century)
  • Secondary Source
URL: 

http://www.pbs.org/greatprojects/about/bridgingny.html

Author: 
Public Broadcasting Service
Excerpt: 

Eleven major bridges unite New York City together and with the rest of the nation. One engineer was responsible for more than half of them, yet hardly anyone knows his name.

Othmar Ammann came to America as a graduate of Swiss engineering schools and learned bridge building from the reigning bridge engineer, Gustav Lindenthal. As his protégé, Ammann worked on the Hell Gate Railroad Bridge, an arch bridge of unprecedented strength and beauty. Lindenthal had plans for an enormous rail bridge across the Hudson River, but they were rejected as too expensive. Ammann proposed a lighter, less expensive span for automobiles and trucks. In a painful parting, he left Lindenthal and built the landmark George Washington Bridge, a span twice as long as any suspension bridge in the world.

Annotation: 

Story of Ammann's influence in the construction of bridges in New York. Includes a photographic tour. From the Public Broadcasting Service.

Golden Gate Bridge

Submitted by Anonymous on Thu, 11/08/2007 - 20:22.
  • Artifacts
  • Contemporary (Post-WWII)
  • Educational
  • Engineering
  • Exhibit
  • Images
  • Library/Archive
  • Primary Source
  • University
URL: 

http://www.lib.berkeley.edu/news_events/exhibits/bridge/intro.html

Author: 
Randal Brant, Virtual Curator, UC Berkeley Library
Excerpt: 

Welcome to the online edition of Bridging the Bay: Bridging the Campus.

...At a time when the Bay Area’s bridges are being analyzed and new structures are being planned, it is important to recognize the diversity and depth of the research collections that exist on the Berkeley campus. The exhibit includes books, documents, architectural drawings and renderings, blueprints, artifacts, maps, and photographs. The bridges documented include the Golden Gate Bridge, the San Francisco-Oakland Bay Bridge, the Carquinez Bridge, the Richmond-San Rafael Bridge, the Antioch Bridge, and the Dumbarton Bridge. The exhibit also contains documents detailing Bay Area bridge projects that were seriously considered, but were never built.

Annotation: 

UC Berkeley's online exhibition includes descriptions of and artifacts related to every major San Francisco Bay-area bridge; however, it devotes a significant amount of space to Joseph Strauss's plans for the Golden Gate Bridge. The Golden Gate section has five subsections - "Design & Construction," "Politics & Financing," "Toll Plaza," "Celebration," "The Color," and "Art & Icon" - each featuring photographs, architectural drawings, newspaper advertisements, and paraphernalia of all sorts from the bridge's inception. A useful resource for students looking for American historical artifacts for the World War II and postwar era, particularly for research purposes.

Secrets of a Master Builder

Submitted by Anonymous on Thu, 11/08/2007 - 20:22.
  • Biographical
  • Educational
  • Engineering
  • Exhibit
  • Government
  • Images
  • Links
  • Modern (18th-20th Century)
  • Primary Source
  • Secondary Source
  • Video
URL: 

http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/eads/index.html

Author: 
The American Experience, Public Broadcasting Service
Excerpt: 

A self-made man and one of America’s greatest engineers, James Buchanan Eads led a life inextricably intertwined with the nation’s most important waterway, the Mississippi River. He explored the river bottom in a diving bell of his own design; made a fortune salvaging wrecks; in the 1870s built the world's first steel bridge over the Mississippi at St. Louis; then deepened the river at its mouth, turning New Orleans into the second largest port in the nation. By the time of his death in 1887, Eads was widely acknowledged to be one of the most influential men of his day.

Annotation: 

This PBS website, made for the program "The American Experience," is a tome of material relating to the life and career of engineer James Eads. Material includes a transcript of the television show; a list of further reading on Eads; a Flash demonstration of how to build a bridge pier; letters from the Eads family; a gallery of architectural drawings; links to descriptions of the people and events discussed in the program; and a brief section on the Mississippi River jetties today. The site is likely the most extensive archive any researcher will find on Eads, and it is an indispensible resource for anyone looking for information on the Mississippi River engineer.

Roebling and the Brooklyn Bridge

Submitted by Anonymous on Thu, 11/08/2007 - 20:22.
  • Educational
  • Engineering
  • Exhibit
  • Images
  • Library/Archive
  • Links
  • Modern (18th-20th Century)
  • Primary Source
  • Secondary Source
URL: 

http://lcweb2.loc.gov/ammem/today/jun12.html

Author: 
Library of Congress
Excerpt: 

On June 12, 1806, John A. Roebling, civil engineer and designer of the Brooklyn Bridge, was born in Muehlhausen, Prussia. The Brooklyn Bridge, Roebling's greatest achievement, spans the East River to connect Manhattan with Brooklyn. For nearly a decade after its completion, the bridge, with a main span of 1595 feet, was the longest suspension bridge in the world. Steel wire cable, invented and manufactured by Roebling, made the structure possible.

When the Brooklyn Bridge was opened you had to pay three cents to cross it until it was paid for. When they opened the bridge everybody went to see it..It took them 14 years to build the Brooklyn bridge.

Annotation: 

This Library of Congress page gives a brief history of John A. Roebling and the construction of the Brooklyn Bridge. However, its primary feature is a series of links to primary source documents in the LOC archives, including interviews, footage, and extensive photographs. The page also links to a bibliography of books and web resources on the Brooklyn bridge.

The 150th Combat Engineer Battalion

Submitted by Anonymous on Thu, 11/08/2007 - 20:22.
  • Educational
  • Engineering
  • Images
  • Industrial/Military Technology
  • Links
  • Modern (18th-20th Century)
  • Personal
  • Secondary Source
URL: 

http://www.150th.com/rivers/index.htm

Author: 
Rick Pitts
Excerpt: 

Below are Newspaper articles, pictures, stories, commendations, or anything related to the Rivers the 150th Bridged to cross.

From the shores of Maine to "Frisco"--
Fighting Engineers are we!
We build our Countries bridges,
To make way for victory.
First to Fight for Rights and freedom,
and to keep the pathways clear,
we are proud to claim the title of
"Combat Engineers"

Where-ever we are needed
to build or repair,
you can bet that you will always find
The "150th" there.

Annotation: 

This page is part of a tome of photographs, technical descriptions, and stories about the World War II escapades of the 150th Combat Engineer Battalion. Each bridge that the group constructed during the war has its own section, along with numerous images of the structures. Though some photos are on loan or have been taken in recent years, the vast majority come from the site founder's father, who served as the battalion's electrician, scout, and photographer until the war's end. In response to requests for information on lost family members, the webmaster has also posted links to and information about resources for military families, as well as logistical information about 150th battalion reunions.

The Bridges that Éblé Built

Submitted by Anonymous on Thu, 11/08/2007 - 20:22.
  • Educational
  • Engineering
  • Images
  • Industrial/Military Technology
  • Journal (Free Content)
  • Modern (18th-20th Century)
  • Secondary Source
URL: 

http://www.wtj.com/articles/berezina/

Author: 
James Burbeck
Excerpt: 

When the retreating French Army and its allies reached the banks of the ice-filled Berezina River on the 23rd of November, 1812, they discovered their sole means of escape blocked by the smoldering ruins of the Borisov bridge. On the opposite bank lay a Russian force under Admiral Pavel Vasil'evich Chichagov, sent there specifically to cut off the French retreat from Russia. But with ingenuity born of desperation, French Engineer Jean-Baptiste Éblé and four hundred pontonniers managed to quietly build two new bridges using materials taken from nearby houses. Only days before this the French Army's Commander-in-Chief, Napoleon Bonaparte, had ordered all sixty boats of the army bridging train to be burned along with all other "nonessential" gear. General Éblé protested the decision at the time and discretely ordered two wagons of charcoal and six wagons of tools to be spared. He also assigned each of his men to carry a tool and some cramp irons. The Berezina bridges would be built using only these hand-tools, during the winter, for an army on the verge of disintegration.

Annotation: 

This page, one of many articles on the "War Times Journal" website, tells the story of the impromptu bridges built over the Berezina River by retreating French forces in 1812. Though author James Burbeck does not adequately contextualize the incident within the Napoleonic Wars, his article provides a detailed description of the construction and the events that followed. The site also includes a computer simulation of the footbridge, a painting of French troops and families crossing the river, a map of the region, a copy of a letter from a French Major General to Éblé, and a brief list of recommended reading.

Building a Bridge

Submitted by Anonymous on Thu, 11/08/2007 - 20:22.
  • Educational
  • Engineering
  • Government
  • Modern (18th-20th Century)
  • Professional Association
  • Secondary Source
URL: 

http://www.blythweb.co.uk/blythburgh/1794bridge.htm

Author: 
Veronica Baker-Smith
Excerpt: 

On June 23 1794, Robert Baldry and Richard Randall drew up an agreement for the building of "a new and substantial Bridge of brickwork over the River or Rivulet dividing the parishes of Ubbeston and Heveningham at and for the sum of seventy-six pounds". The two men were the Surveyors of Ubbeston, responsible for the supervision of all buildings within the village, and Robert Baldry was especially well placed to oversee this particular work since he had built the present Old Rectory for his own use eighteen years before (his initials can still be see on the chimney stack).

Annotation: 

The story of the rebuilding of a bridge over the Blyth between Heveningham and Ubbeston in 1794.

Making the Modern World: Stories About the Lives We've Made

Submitted by Anonymous on Thu, 11/08/2007 - 20:22.
  • Artifacts
  • Consumer Technology
  • Contemporary (Post-WWII)
  • Educational
  • Exhibit
  • Images
  • Modern (18th-20th Century)
  • Museum
  • Primary Source
URL: 

http://www.makingthemodernworld.org.uk/

Author: 
The Science Museum
Excerpt: 

Making the Modern World brings you powerful stories about science and invention from the eighteenth century to today. It explains the development and the global spread of modern industrial society and its effects on all our lives. The site expands upon the permanent landmark gallery at the Science Museum, using the Web and dynamic multimedia techniques to go far beyond what a static exhibition can do.

Annotation: 

Making the Modern World is a vast online exhibit from the Science Museum of London that covers science and society in the modern era, from traditional research and inventions and engineering, to social sciences and everyday life. There are many ways to explore the hundreds of images, audio files, and texts of the exhibit that begins with “Enlightenments and Measurement” in 1750 and concludes with the “Age of Ambivalence” in 2000. The largest section of the site is the Stories and Timelines, which is in narrative and chronological form. There are guided tours along the themes of “Technology as Passport,” “Women Making the Modern World,” and “Conflict in the Modern World.” The Daily Life Section has six categories that include personal, leisure, work, health, and control, and the stories of nine contemporary people's interactions with technology, some inventors, others learning how to handle a screwdriver and "DIY- Do It Yourself." The Icons of Invention includes more than 100 objects from science, technology, and medicine, while the Learning Modules cover biology, English, chemistry, geography, history, mathematics, and psychology. Throughout the site are subsections called "rich media scenes" with moving images and sound that provide interaction with catalogued images and quizzes within a particular story. Finally, there are basic and advanced search options to navigate quickly to a particular item or term.

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