These pages show the names of the individuals who first used various common mathematical symbols, and the dates the symbols first appeared. The most important written source is the definitive A History of Mathematical Notations by Florian Cajori.
It is the most sickening sight of the war, this tide of wounded flowing back. One has a shattered arm, and the sling in which he carries it is the same bloody rag the surgeon gave him the day of battle; another has his head seamed and bandaged so you can scarcely see it, and he weaves like a drunken man as he drags along through the hot sun; another has his shoe cut off, and a great roll of rags around his foot, and he leans heavily on a rough cane broken from a pine tree; another breathes painfully and holds his hand to his side, where you see a ragged rent in his blouse; another sits by a puddle, dipping water on a wounded leg, which , for want of dressing since the battle, had become inflamed; another lies on a plot of grass by the roadside, with his browned face turned full to the sun, and he sleeps. - Dr. William Morton
Welcome. This is a small web site dedicated to the medical side of the American Civil War.
This is a site dedicated to the medical history of the civil war. The site contains introductory information on a range of topics including general information, Civil War dentistry and surgery, and Hunter McGuire, a Confederate surgeon. The site carries a warning to viewers that the pages contain graphic images, and although most of the images are mild, visitors should be advised that there are one or two that could be inappropriate for sensitive viewers. With this said, the site offers a good introduction to state of medicine during the war, and occasional stats throughout the text help to give an accurate picture of medical practice. Another of the site's strengths are the quotes from observers that show how people were affected by the casualties and the poor health conditions. The site also contains a helpful bibliography for further research.
The Mathematics and the Liberal Arts pages are intended to be a resource for student research projects and for teachers interested in using the history of mathematics in their courses. Many pages focus on ethnomathematics and in the connections between mathematics and other disciplines. The notes in these pages are intended as much to evoke ideas as to indicate what the books and articles are about. They are not intended as reviews. However, some items have been reviewed in Mathematical Reviews, published by The American Mathematical Society. When the mathematical review (MR) number and reviewer are known to the author of these pages, they are given as part of the bibliographic citation. Subscribing institutions can access the more recent MR reviews online through MathSciNet.
The Mathematics and the Liberal Arts pages are intended to be a resource for student research projects and for teachers interested in using the history of mathematics in their courses. Many pages focus on ethnomathematics and in the connections between mathematics and other disciplines. The notes in these pages are intended as much to evoke ideas as to indicate what the books and articles are about. They are not intended as reviews. However, some items have been reviewed in Mathematical Reviews, published by The American Mathematical Society. When the mathematical review (MR) number and reviewer are known to the author of these pages, they are given as part of the bibliographic citation. Subscribing institutions can access the more recent MR reviews online through MathSciNet.
The Mathematics and the Liberal Arts pages are intended to be a resource for student research projects and for teachers interested in using the history of mathematics in their courses. Many pages focus on ethnomathematics and in the connections between mathematics and other disciplines. The notes in these pages are intended as much to evoke ideas as to indicate what the books and articles are about. They are not intended as reviews. However, some items have been reviewed in Mathematical Reviews, published by The American Mathematical Society. When the mathematical review (MR) number and reviewer are known to the author of these pages, they are given as part of the bibliographic citation. Subscribing institutions can access the more recent MR reviews online through MathSciNet.
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Bienvenidos! Here we offer our experiences and materials from using original historical sources in teaching mathematics. These pages are still under construction, so check back as we add more things. (Some of the links are to .pdf or .dvi or .ps files. If other formats are needed, let us know.)
We welcome your comments and suggestions for improvements. We also wish to provide information about others who are teaching with original sources, so we welcome suggestions for other links to include here.
The Polynesian Voyaging Society (PVS) was founded in 1973 to research how Polynesian seafarers discovered and settled nearly every inhabitable island in the Pacific Ocean before European explorers arrived in the 16th century. Some scholars have argued that the Polynesian drifted to these islands by accident; PVS set out to show that a voyaging canoe of Polynesian design could be navigated without instruments over the long, open ocean migration routes of Polynesia.
You have reached the most comprehensive web site (and the only interactive one) dealing with the history of the Manhattan Project. Amongst our 3,300+ web pages you will find more than 2,800 primary source documents, the names of more than 14,000 Manhattan Project veterans, military and civilian, and a detailed text history of all of the major sites of the Manhattan Project. In addition, you will find the biographies of more than 100 key scientists.
Each month, many visitors arrive at our web site and leave without finding the information that they are looking for. For a comprehensive, "Google-like" search of our entire web site, please use the new search engine at the top of our home page. If you still can't find what you are looking for, please use our 'Feedback' button found on all of our pages.
This site hosts a wide variety of primary documents and photographs of the Manhattan Project. Though it includes biographies and the correspondence of important scientists, the site is largely dedicated to the men and women who worked on the Manhattan Project in less visible positions - such as Military Police and Secretaries. The webmasters claim: "Our primary mission is to preserve a place in American History for the thousands of men and women who, against seemingly impossible odds, achieved technological brilliance through their relentless pursuit of atomic energy; a feat that ultimately brought about the end of World War II."
H-Sci-Med-Tech is a discussion list and web site intended for the growing number of scholars who study science, medicine and technology across a wide variety of periods and regions of the world. Ours is truly an interdisciplinary field, bringing together complementary disciplines and methodologies from across the humanities and the social sciences.
The Historical Library contains a large and unique collection of rare medical books, medical journals to 1920, pamphlets, prints, and photographs, as well as current works on the history of medicine. The library was founded in 1941 by the donations of the extensive collections of Harvey Cushing, John F. Fulton, and Arnold C. Klebs. Special strengths are the works of Hippocrates, Galen, Vesalius, Boyle, Harvey, and S. Weir Mitchell, and works on anesthesia, and smallpox inoculation and vaccination. The Library owns over 300 medical incunabula.
