Educational

Ancient Greeks struggled to understand the nature of matter
Empedocles (around 490 to 444 BC) thought there were four original elements: Earth, Air, Fire, Water. He thought everything else came about through their combination and/or separation by the two opposite principles of Love and Strife.
Leucippus (around 460 to 420 BC) and Democritus (around 460 to 370 BC), supposedly a pupil of Leucippus, are considered the founders of atomism. Leucippus regarded atoms as imperceptible, individual particles that differ only in shape and position.
Plato (about 427 to 347 BC) in his work, the Timaeus, proposes a mathematical construction of the elements - earth, air, fire, water. Each of these elements is said to consist of particles or primary bodies. Each particle is a regular geometrical solid- the cube, tetrahedron, octahedron and icosahedron. Each of these particles is composed of simple right triangles. The particles are like the molecules of the theory; the triangles are its atoms.
Plato's beliefs as regards the universe were that the stars, planets, Sun and Moon move round the Earth in crystalline spheres. The sphere of the Moon was closest to the Earth, then the sphere of the Sun, then Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn and furthest away was the sphere of the stars. He believed that the Moon shines by reflected sunlight.

Architects of the periodic table
How did Lavoisier classify elements known in his time?
What are some Web sites and paper references on the history of the periodic table?
Where I can find information on Julius Lother Meyer?
Can you give me some biographical tidbits about Mendeleev?

Although the start of the synthetic detergent industry is not shrouded in the veils of history as were the beginnings of the soap industry, it is nevertheless not easy to pinpoint exactly when the detergent industry, as such, came into being. The primary problem is to decide exactly what is being referred to as a synthetic detergent. The term itself leads to confusion. In the USA the words surfactant or syndet are being used, whilst in Europe the term 'tenside' (for tensio-active material) is coming into fashion.

Welcome to Berkeley Lab's Public Affairs Department which is managed by Reid Edwards. It is the mission of this office to lead an integrated Laboratory-wide program of communications, government and community relations, and science education. Our goal is to strengthen the understanding of science and research activities among the diverse audiences of the laboratory; advance the laboratory's scientific development through partnerships with the divisions; and to make Berkeley Lab a valued partner in the community, region and nation.

The International Society for the History of Medicine (ISHM) was founded in Paris in 1921. The purpose of the Society is to assist and support the historical study of all questions relating to the medical and biomedical sciences and, more generally, to all branches of the healing arts. French and English are its two official languages. Specifically, the Society seeks to improve communication between individuals and professional groups throughout the world interested in these disciplines to promote the teaching and spread knowledge on these topics. The Society sponsors and oversees the organization of biannual international congresses in the history of medicine.

The Discussion Lists Directory aims to provide up-to-date information (e.g. editors, subscription details, languages, and websites) about history mailing lists. History is understood in a broad sense as the study of the past including all periods, all regions and all fields. At the moment, the directory covers about 980 lists.

In the western literature, the first description of sickle cell disease was by a Chicago physician, James B. Herrick, who noted in 1910 that a patient of his from the West Indies had an anemia characterized by unusual red cells that were "sickle shaped.".

The origins of the College lie in the union of the surgeons and barbers by Henry VIII in 1540 to form the Company of Barber-Surgeons. They maintained a somewhat uneasy partnership in the 16th and 17th centuries when the degree of surgical intervention was limited. The 18th century, however, saw the rise of private anatomy schools and the development of an academic basis for surgical practice through the teaching and publications of the leading European surgeons. As a consequence, the numbers and importance of surgeons increased, along with a firm desire for independent professional recognition.

The Institution was founded in 1824 with the aim of furthering "the advancement of literature, science and art". It received its Royal Charter in 1837 and rapidly acquired a prestigious reputation, particularly in scientific circles.
The Institution had amongst its members pioneers who amassed collections of international importance. Geology, natural history and ethnology are particularly well represented.

Human Nature Review is a significant source of analysis and commentary for readers at leading universities and research institutes in over one hundred and sixty countries and is one of the most popular sites on the whole world wide web.Our goal is to bring into communication the variety of approaches to understanding human nature which have a regrettable tendency to be less in touch with one another than they might. We aim to act as host to original work and to seek to create an enabling space, a forum for constructive (including constructively critical) discussion and critiques of the terms of reference and assumptions of various approaches to the understanding of people as individuals, in groups, in institutions, in societies and as political and ideological beings.