Educational

Let's start with an abbreviated Biography of Mendel, and a discussion of how Mendel's life interweaves with world events.
For those who want to know more about the man and his contributions, MendelWeb is the complete source site for everything to do with Gregor Mendel, his work in plant hybridization (you can read the original paper!) and commentary on Mendel's work by other noted scientists.
But, If you just want to obtain more information on the pea experiments themselves, and their relation to basic genetics, The Biology Project: Mendelian Genetics offers host of tutorials and self-testing problems basic genetics, while:
Practice Problems for Mendelian genetics will give you some simple problems, with solutions, which you can use to test your understanding of basic Mendelian genetics.

Process Metallurgy is one of the oldest sciences. Its history can be traced back to 6000 BC. Admittedly, its form at that time was rudimentary, but, to gain a perspective in Process Metallurgy, it is worthwhile to spend a little time studying the initiation of mankind's association with metals. Currently there are 86 known metals. Before the 19th century only 24 of these metals had been discovered and, of these 24 metals, 12 were discovered in the 18th century. Therefore, from the discovery of the first metals - gold and copper until the end of the 17th century, some 7700 years, only 12 metals were known. Four of these metals, arsenic, antimony , zinc and bismuth , were discovered in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries, while platinum was discovered in the 16th century. The other seven metals, known as the Metals of Antiquity, were the metals upon which civilisation was based

From the first syllable of recorded time - this is the story of plastic that shook the world, a guide to the key players and events which shaped the record's development. Read the first part of our history of vinyl, 1850 to 1879, with audio.

These pages show the names of the individuals who first used various common mathematical symbols, and the dates the symbols first appeared. The most important written source is the definitive A History of Mathematical Notations by Florian Cajori.

We are all taught Mathematics, but few if any, know from where it came. This is a journey into the world of Mathematics to seek out its roots and heritage. This is a journey of ancient Mathematicians and forgotten theorems. This is a journey of prehistoric philosophers and misdirected mathematicians. This is a journey of failures and successes. This is a treatise upon treatises and a proof upon proofs. Here we will gather the clues and solve the mysteries. Or we may simply leave the mysteries unsolved. Here we will learn of our ancestors and predict our future. All, of course, with roots in Mathematics.

Harriot wrote about the problem to his colleague Johannes Kepler, best known for his work on planetary orbits. Kepler experimented with the problem and concluded that an arrangement known as the face centred cubic packing, a pattern favoured by fruit sellers, could not be bettered. This statement has become known as "Kepler's conjecture" or simply the sphere packing problem.

Power. Speed. Capacity. Connectivity.
At the beginning of the 21st century, these are the major areas of focus for most users of computing devices, whether desktop, laptop, or handheld. Does it have the ability to run the applications that I need? Can it run them well? With reliability? With security? With access to my data from multiple locations? And, of course, robust ability to communicate with other computers via the Internet is essential. Sometimes, even the question, "Does it look cool?" is important.
Most of consumer computing today assumes the above requirements are met in one way or another. As far as a particular computing device is concerned, its value is dependant on how well it meets these criteria. The computing "religious wars" of the 1970's, 1980's, and 1990's have for the most part receded, having shifted from a fervent adherence to a particular piece of hardware, over to a preference of operating system (Windows, Linux, MacOS, or others). Furthermore, we are gradually moving to the place where the applications and the documents they produce are becoming the focus, rather than the box or OS that runs on that box. The computer operating system is gradually transforming into a vehicle through which an application or Internet content is presented, much as a local radio or television station broadcasts programs and entertainment. And the future holds the potential for even more exciting advancements.

Astronomy Formulas
Periodicity - Definitions - Time - Illumination Geometry - Planetary Data
Astronomical Constants - Cosmographic Values
These pages include computer code for each value.
The Aryabhatiya of Aryanhata
The oldest exact astronomic constant?
Mesoamerican Archaeoastronomy

This site is all about a very special computer. It was called the baby, and
without it we would not have the computers we use today.
Select an option on the left of this screen to find out more about this computer.

Then + Now
A brief overview of this Web site that compares what we knew in 1900 to what we know today
That's My Theory
Meet some of the scientists who made twentieth century history on this made-for-the-Web game show
On the Edge
These comic-book style stories take you back through time and present scientists soon after they made their discoveries