Hennig is best known for developing phylogenetic systematics, a coherent theory of the investigation and presentation of the relations that exist among species. Contrary to the position generally held during his time, Hennig viewed historical inference as a strictly logical and scientific endeavor (Dupuis, 1984). He first summarized his ideas in 1950, in Grundzüge einer Theorie der Phylogenetischen Systematik (Hennig, 1950). Hennig became even more widely known with the publication of an English revision, Phylogenetic Systematics (Hennig, 1966), of the earlier German work.

