Earth Sciences

Marin Mersenne attended school at the College of Mans, then, from 1604 spent five years in the Jesuit College at La Fleche. From 1609 to 1611 he studied theology at the Sorbonne.
Mersenne joined the religious order of the Minims in 1611. The name of the order comes since the Minims regard themselves as the least (minimi) of all the religious; they devote themselves to prayer, study and scholarship. Mersenne continued his education within the order at Nigeon and then at Meaux. He returned to Paris where in 1612 he became a priest at the Place Royale.

The Milestones of Science" is a collection of first editions by world famous early scientists that form a veritable history of science, acquired in the late 1930s by the Museum of Science in Buffalo, New York, and now housed by the Buffalo and Erie County Public Library.
The relevance of science can hardly be overstated; it dominates the world in which we live. The discoveries made by the early modern astronomers Nicolaus Copernicus, Johannes Kepler, Galileo Galilei and Sir Isaac Newton helped us to understand the universe in which we live. The early studies of the first modern physicians Andreas Vesalius, William Harvey, Edward Jenner, Joseph Lister and Louis Pasteur made it possible for us to live longer and healthier lives than ever before. The current era owes a profound debt to the dozens of early scientists in fields as various as geology, biology, chemistry, mathematics and physics, whose works are represented in the Milestones Collection. Without their pioneering efforts, it is doubtful if the new Age of the Computer would have been possible.

The Institution was founded in 1824 with the aim of furthering "the advancement of literature, science and art". It received its Royal Charter in 1837 and rapidly acquired a prestigious reputation, particularly in scientific circles.
The Institution had amongst its members pioneers who amassed collections of international importance. Geology, natural history and ethnology are particularly well represented.

Support of science and technology is a major component of the Foundation's program. Fellowships, direct support of research in selected fields, and work in the history of science and technology are basic parts of this program.

Study of Physics and Chemistry; Theories about Heat and Elementary Particles; Wave Nature of Sound and Light; Types of Motion; Physical Phenomenon such as Elasticity, Viscosity, Surface Tension, Magnetism etc; Comparisons with European Science after the 13th C:

Namaste! (I welcome you with my head bowed down in respect)
This site is dedicated to our ancestors in India that is Bharat. We are thankful to them as they told us-
Aatmanh Praticoolani Paresham na samacharet |
Meaning: "Do not do any thing to others which you do not want to be done with yourself." So if you want to be forgiven, forgive others. If you want to be cared, care others. If you do not want to be harmed, do not harm others........

"Faith and Reason" is an hour-length documentary about the interaction between science and religion, both historically and today. Through interviews with leading scientists and theologians, the program explores the history of the relationship between these two fields, and reveals that, contrary to widespread popular opinion, for most of history science and religion have been deeply entwined. Moreover, the program looks at a growing movment of scientists and theologians around the world today who believe that faith and reason can support one another. Here we consider issues in evolutionary biology, cosmology, genetics, and technology.

"Kant...accepted the notion of things-in-themselves existing independently of any knowledge.... As his starting point [he took it] that any specific knowledge we claim to have of such and such an external object is obtained through our senses, [and] hence is at best only indirect and questionable.... What we know directly and with certainty is therefore only the set of our ideas. [For example,] the very notion of causality [is] an a priori mode of human understanding," in other words, an idea (d'Espagnat 1995:5-7).

The "Department Archive for History of Science" consists of five collections:
1. The administration archive. ( to collect and to document the history of the NHMW )
2. The collection of letters and bequests (Letters and part bequests)
3. The picture collection
4. The photograph - und glass plate negative collection ( photos und glass plates)
5. The collection of busts, small dioramas, object sources, as far as they don’t belong
to collection 1. or 2., e.g. early microscopic slides by emperor Ferdinand I.