Professional Association

The purpose of the GATE experiment was to understand the tropical atmosphere and its role in the global circulation of the atmosphere. It was the first major experiment of the Global Atmospheric Research program, whose goal was to understand the predictability of the atmosphere and extend the time range of daily weather forecasts to over two weeks.

This guide is intended for historians who want to use Geographical Information Systems (GIS). It describes how to create GIS databases and how to use GIS to perform historical research. Its aims are to:

Define GIS and outline how it can be used in historical research

Evaluate the way GIS models the world

Describe how to get data into a GIS

Demonstrate the basic operations that GIS offers to explore a database

Review how time is handled in GIS

Explain how GIS can be used for simple mapping and more advanced forms of visualisation

Discuss quantitative data analysis within GIS

Illustrate the use of GIS for qualitative analysis

Summarise documenting and preserving GIS datasets

The book provides a broad sweep of GIS knowledge relevant to historians without assuming prior knowledge. It includes case studies from a variety of historical projects that have used GIS and an extensive reading list of GIS texts relevant to historians.

X-ray Astronomy at Goddard:
Early History

From 1965 to 1972 there were over a dozen balloon-borne experiments (mostly from New Mexico), including the first such to take place from Australia (1966), one in which hard X-ray emission was discovered (albeit with crude angular resolution) from a region towards the galactic center whose centroid is located among subsequently identified sources GX1+4, GX3+1, and GX5-1. A balloon-borne experiment in 1968 was based on the multi-anode multi-layer xenon gas proportional chamber that had recently been developed in our lab and represented the first use of such a high performance instrument for X-ray astronomy.

What is a polymerase? A polymerase is a naturally occurring enzyme, a biological macromolecule that catalyzes the formation and repair of DNA (and RNA). The accurate replication of all living matter depends on this activity -- an activity scientists have learned to manipulate. In the 1980s, Kary Mullis at Cetus Corporation conceived of a way to start and stop a polymerase's action at specific points along a single strand of DNA.

Whether you are an academic, family historian, collector, teacher or parent - welcome! All the worthwhile information about old maps can be found here, or from here. The 100 'pages' of this carefully organised site offer comment and guidance, and many, many links - selected for relevance and quality

This website contains material useful to people studying the history of the CA/T highway, especially the Charles River crossing part of the project. During 1998, we operated an interactive website for the purpose of collecting original material from people who were involved in planning the crossing. Some comments and articles contributed by people involved in the crossing design process are available on-line. Other material at this website includes a chronology of planning the crossing, a chronological bibliography of important transportation documents with links to some of these, and images. Hardcopy material pertaining to the crossing is available in the vertical file collection at M.I.T.'s Rotch Library.

This is an unmoderated mailing group for individuals with a serious interest in the history of mathematics. It deals with all aspects of the history of mathematics, including the following:
* Announcements of meetings on the history of mathematics.
* Information on new books and interesting journal articles.
* Discussion of the teaching of the history of mathematics.
* Using history in the classroom.
* Questions that you would like the answer to.
* and, hopefully, answers to those questions.
* Discussion of questions unsettled in the literature.

Founded in December 1904 by George Ellery Hale as one of the original scientific enterprises of the Carnegie Institution of Washington, Mt. Wilson Observatory is completing its first century as one of the world’s premier astronomical observatories. During the first half of the twentieth century Mt. Wilson was successively home to the world’s two largest telescopes as well as the most powerful facilities in existence for studying the sun

The Hungarian Academy of Sciences (HAS) is an independent public body based on the principle of self-government.
It is constituted by the members of the Academy - ordinary and corresponding as well as external and honorary members - and by those active representatives of science who hold a scientific degree (Ph.D. or D.Sc.).
At present the number of the ordinary members is 214, while the number of the corresponding members is 86. Academicians are elected by ordinary and corresponding members. The number of public body-members at present - with academicians - is 7030. They - other than academicians - exercise their rights through representation, electing 200 non-academician representatives to the General Assembly, the main organ of the Academy, for three years.

The twentieth century has seen an unprecedented development and global expansion in Western science and its accompanying technological advances, stimulated in part by two world wars. This wedding of science and technology-or "technoscience" as it is sometimes called-has spelled great prosperity for some and a radical change in lifestyle for most. The enormous range of products and services it has produced has profoundly affected ways of thinking and social structures across the world. But it has also left its scars in the form of environmental pollution, harmful medications, technological accidents, and weaponry of unprecedented destructiveness.