Government

For a number of years professor Niels Bohr at the University of Copenhagen was the central figure in the international work on the development of nuclear physics and his modest Institute for Theoretical Physics became the most important meeting place and place of learning for the world's young nuclear physicists. It has left permanent marks in the scientif-ic nomenclature. For instance, the element which has number 72 and which was long unknown was called Hafnium because it was discovered at Niels Bohr's institute and named after the Latin form of Copenhagen, Hafnia. 

Pellagra was first identified among Spanish peasants by Don Gaspar Casal in 1735. A loathsome skin disease, it was called mal de la rosa and often mistaken for leprosy. Although it was not conclusively identified in the United States until 1907, there are reports of illness that could be pellagra as far back as the 1820s. In the United States, pellagra has often been called the disease of the four D's -- dermatitis, diarrhea, dementia, and death. National data is sketchy, but by 1912, the state of South Carolina alone reported 30,000 cases and a mortality rate of 40 percent. While hardly confined to Southern states, the disease seemed especially rampant there. A worried Congress asked the Surgeon General to investigate the disease. In 1914, Joseph Goldberger was asked to head that investigation.

In 1925, when Mary Breckinridge established the Frontier Nursing Service and built Wendover, this marked the first effort to professionalize midwifery in the United States. Within the thematic framework of the National Historic Landmark Program, Wendover, the national headquarters of the Frontier Nursing Service, has national significance under theme XIII. Science: (F) Medicine (1.) Clinical Specialties.
Up until the 1930s, an American woman was more likely to die in childbirth than from any other disease, except tuberculosis. The mortality rate was particularly high for pregnant women in rural areas where hospitals and qualified medical care were scarce. Breckinridge recognized this concern and succeeded in one of the pioneering attempts to bring professionalized health care to rural-America.

This booklet gives a brief introduction to the concept of plate tectonics and complements the visual and written information in This Dynamic Planet (see Further reading), a map published in 1994 by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and the Smithsonian Institution. The booklet highlights some of the people and discoveries that advanced the development of the theory and traces its progress since its proposal. Although the general idea of plate tectonics is now widely accepted, many aspects still continue to confound and challenge scientists. The earth-science revolution launched by the theory of plate tectonics is not finished.

Radar 1950's - 1990's
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The Community Missions Office is the focal point for bringing the cumulative expertise and experience of STScI to other missions. CMO serves as the conduit between mission teams and STScI personnel to tune relevant support for mission science operations, data archiving, grants administration, peer review and education/outreach.
Our philosophy is to integrate the scientific perspective into all aspects of missions to maximize the scientific return through cost effective application of our products, services and operations abilities.

ASAP is an organisation that aims to provide access to Australia's scientific, technological and medical heritage. It has links with Australia's major scientific and cultural institutions including the National Library of Australia, Australian Archives, the Australian Academy of Science and the Australian Academy of Technological Sciences and Engineering.

This historical timeline, prepared in 1993, traces the nuclear age from (1895-1993) the discovery of x-rays and radioactivity to the explosion of the first atomic bomb through the cold war to its thaw to the cleanup of the nuclear weapons complex.

Explorer, navigational expert, mathematician, scientist and astronomer Thomas Harriot was born in Oxford about 1560. In 1577 he entered St. Mary's Hall (a subsidiary of Oriel College) and in 1580, shortly after he was graduated B.A., he joined the household of Walter Ralegh. There he prepared Arcticon, a navigational text which has not survived. He also encouraged Ralegh to follow in the footsteps of Sir Humphrey Gilbert in exploring and colonizing the New World. After Gilbert's death in 1583, Ralegh, with Harriot's help, prepared for an expedition to America. Although Ralegh hoped to command the 1584 voyage, Queen Elizabeth would not permit him to do so. Harriot may have gone on this voyage because there is some evidence that it was at this time that he learned the Algonquian language.

The American Museum of Natural History is a nonprofit research institution chartered as a Museum and Library by the State of New York in 1869. Since that time the Library has grown into the largest natural history library in the Western Hemisphere. The Library's primary function is to serve and support the work of the Museum's scientific staff. The Library also serves scholars in natural history from around the world, as well as interested members of the general public. The Library's holdings are comprised of a research collection, special collections, and digital collections.