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A general index of topics is provided in the box below. Click the topic of your interest. Users interested in a particular person, place, or topic are also reminded to use the 'Search' or 'Find' function found under 'Edit'.

This site will provide a concise Developmental History of Spectacles as well as explain all the contributions of people from many nations who were important along the way.

Website Goals:

To educate interested visitors and professionals and stimulate further research

To increase public awareness and thereby nurture a deeper appreciation in general

To complement the other websites which have information on this topic

To attract the newest generation of collectors (who may wish to join the only collectors clubs, the OAICC and the OHS)

To create a forum where scholarly people can have a dynamic exchange of information and ideas

To share images of the finest and most interesting historical items in both private and public collections from around the world

Early Classics in Biogeography, Distribution, and Diversity Studies: To 1950 is a bibliography and full-text archive designed as a service to advanced students and researchers engaged in work in biogeography, biodiversity, history of science, and related studies. All items in the bibliography are primary sources and were published in 1950 or before. The subjects involved touch on fields ranging from ecology, conservation, systematics and physical geography, to evolutionary biology, cultural biogeography, paleobiology, and bioclimatology--but have in common a relevance to the study of geographical distribution and diversity.

These pages are an on-line museum celebrating Babbage's Analytical Engine. Here you will find a collection of original historical documents tracing the evolution of the Engine from the original concept through concrete design, ending in disappointment when it became clear it would never be built. You'll see concepts used every day in the design and programming of modern computers described for the very first time, often in a manner more lucid than contemporary expositions. You'll get a sense of how mathematics, science, and technology felt in the nineteenth century, and for the elegant language used in discussing those disciplines, and thereby peek into the personalities of the first computer engineer and programmer our species managed to produce. If you are their intellectual heir, perhaps you'll see yourself and your own work through their Victorian eyes.

This site covers

1. Archaic medical terminology
2. Terms that can be difficult to understand from a brief entry in a modern dictionary
3. Descriptions of the more common causes of death in the past
4. A few terms that I thought would be easy to find a definition for, but someone sent a query, so maybe they are difficult after all?
5. Some folk and slang terms
6. Symbols, Abbreviations & Qualifications
7. Some terms that have become everyday language, but have a different meaning or slant when used by doctors or had a different meaning in the past
e.g. Abortion, which has come to mean induced termination of pregnancy, but doctors retain the meaning of a natural but premature ending to pregnancy (miscarriage)
8. Some terms in common use, that many non-medical people do not understand precisely what they mean e.g. Heart Attack, prognosis
9. Terms I have been unable to define, in the hope that someone out there does know
10. I could include eponymous conditions, e.g. if you want a potted biography of Alzheimer then contact me
11. Text in square brackets and bold red type e.g. [ty'sis] is a guide to pronunciation

An on-going educational project for those interested in collecting and learning more about these fascinating medical artifacts. Specializing in cased surgical sets, bloodletting artifacts, and medical instruments. If you are seeking research, photos, information, pricing, and people who are passionate about medical and surgical history... this is the place to visit.

Evaluation and identification of historical pieces can be provided for medical, surgical, and bloodletting items like those displayed on this site.

For more than a decade we've been collecting books, films and interviews on the histories of industries, companies, executives, products/services, economics, scandals and business fiction. And we've gathered essential books on management's investing, financing and operating decisions. The result: the largest multimedia collection of business histories and management titles available anywhere. Entries are organized by subject, company, year and author.

The United Nations has declared 2001 INTERNATIONAL YEAR OF DIALOGUE AMONG CIVILIZATIONS.

This site is dedicated to increasing awareness of the way modern science grew through the dialogue of civilizations, and the contribution dialogue can make to promoting the growth of science in the future.

Although the dominant view in the past has been that the historical roots of modern science only lie within Europe increasing evidence accumulated over the last fifty years reveals the need for a more dialogical approach to the history of science. Understanding the role played by civilizational dialogue in the growth of modern science would also enable us to take more seriously the emerging realization among many leading thinkers that premodern traditions of science contain reservoirs of knowledge urgently needed to deal with serious problems - like environmental and health concerns -that confront the global community.

Project Bionics' mission is:

To recognize individual and corporate contributions to artificial organ history;
To identify the pioneers and their contributions to improved quality and length of life;
To document the experiences of scientists, engineers, clinicians and patients developing
and using artificial organs;
To link these past accomplishments to present and future developments;
To encourage education, scholarship, and research on artificial organ history

"Where Were You When America Was Attacked?"
This site exists to gather the thoughts and emotions of everyday people to the events on and after September 11, 2001.