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A great American printer and publisher, author, inventor, scientist and diplomat, Benjamin Franklin stands in the front rank of the people who built the United States. He is the only person to sign the four key documents in American history: the Declaration of Independence, the Treaty of Alliance with France, the Treaty of Peace with Great Britain, and the Constitution of the United States. He was the leader of his day in the study of electricity, and is one of the most revered and beloved figures in American history.

Despite his relative obscurity, the greatest genius of all time may have been Nikola Tesla. With over 700 patents in his name, Tesla shaped our current technological landscape more than any other individual. How, then, did this great man end up dying destitute and in obscurity? Did Tesla's extraordinary mind decline into insanity... or was he simply far, far ahead of his time?

In this epic-length series, ParaScope takes a look at the early life and bizarre eccentricities of the great inventor, and his hard-fought first victory with the alternating current engine.

Tycho Brahe was born on 14th December 1546 at the castle of Knutstorp in Scania
– which at that time was a province of Denmark. His parents, Otte Brahe and Beate Bille, belonged to the highest-ranked nobility in Denmark, and several of his relatives served the king as advisers and warriors. He was brought up by his paternal uncle Jörgen Brahe and his wife Inger Oxe at the castle of Tosterup. He spent much time with other relatives at the castle of Herrevadskloster.

There is a parlor game physics students play: Who was the greater genius? Galileo or Kepler? (Galileo) Maxwell or Bohr? (Maxwell, but it's closer than you might think). Hawking or Heisenberg? (A no-brainer, whatever the best-seller lists might say. It's Heisenberg). But there are two figures who are simply off the charts. Isaac Newton is one. The other is Albert Einstein. If pressed, physicists give Newton pride of place, but it is a photo finish -- and no one else is in the race.

A major contribution to Western thought was the publication in 1543 of De revolutionibus orbium coelestium, libri VI (Eng. trans., On the Revolutions of the Celestial Spheres, 1952; Latin reprint, 1965) by Copernicus, Polish astronomer, who is noted for the Copernican theory of the heavens. By attributing to the Earth a daily motion around its own axis and a yearly motion around the stationary Sun, Copernicus developed an idea that had far-reaching implications for the rise of modern science. Henceforth, the Earth could no longer be considered the centre of the cosmos; rather, as one celestial body among many, it became subject to mathematical description.

Medicine has made tremendous progress in the 20th century. Information provided in this museum are on medicines, drugs & substances
which were in use during late 19th & early 20th century; the most important period for basic advancement of modern medicine, manufactured by nearly 148 manufacturers around the globe, in collection with a pharmacy established in 1912.

It is offered here as an historical and cultural appreciation of nursing somewhat after the Nightingale era of reform (approximately forty years after the Crimean War, during a prosperous phase of an ongoing Industrial Revolution with its attendant urbanization, rise of the middle class, smug self-, class-, and national-consciousness), but distinctly before the development of more modern attitudes regarding Woman's "Place" and Woman's Work, and the more fulsome professionalisation and empowerment of Nursing. The views expressed herein are in my opinion are transitional and as generally supportive of nursing as it was probably possible to be in its own era, however amusing or outrageous we might personally find some of the quaint and dated comments to be. We can be pleased, but I hope also inspired, by realisation of how far we have come as we try to continue our progress, or but maintain it in this era of "restructuring." We should spare some kindly and proud thoughts also at how nurses in the pre-modern era had themselves come so far from the truly hideous conditions of a past still within memory when this was written.

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At the 1924 International Congress of Mathematicians in Toronto, a resolution was adopted that at each ICM, two gold medals should be awarded to recognize outstanding mathematical achievement. Professor J. C. Fields, a Canadian mathematician who was Secretary of the 1924 Congress, later donated funds establishing the medals which were named in his honor. Consistent with Fields's wish that the awards recognize both existing work and the promise of future achievement, it was agreed to restrict the medals to mathematicians not over forty at the year of the Congress. In 1966 it was agreed that, in light of the great expansion of mathematical research, up to four medals could be awarded at each Congress.

PDF Biography of Albert Leon Whiteman