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PDF Biography of Andrei Weil

PDF Article on Biography of Soviet Mathematicians

PDF Biography of Albert Leon Whiteman

PDF biography of H.D. Kloosterman

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Although the start of the synthetic detergent industry is not shrouded in the veils of history as were the beginnings of the soap industry, it is nevertheless not easy to pinpoint exactly when the detergent industry, as such, came into being. The primary problem is to decide exactly what is being referred to as a synthetic detergent. The term itself leads to confusion. In the USA the words surfactant or syndet are being used, whilst in Europe the term 'tenside' (for tensio-active material) is coming into fashion.

Welcome to Berkeley Lab's Public Affairs Department which is managed by Reid Edwards. It is the mission of this office to lead an integrated Laboratory-wide program of communications, government and community relations, and science education. Our goal is to strengthen the understanding of science and research activities among the diverse audiences of the laboratory; advance the laboratory's scientific development through partnerships with the divisions; and to make Berkeley Lab a valued partner in the community, region and nation.

In 1992, several years after her death, physicists named their 109th element ‘meitnerium’ in honor of Lise Meitner, finally giving her the official recognition she deserved.
Lise Meitner was born in 1878 in a liberal Viennese family. Since the Viennese system of education did not allow girls to enter high school from 1892 to 1901 she had to struggle a lot to get her education. The Viennese government opened high schools for girls in 1899. Her father hired a tutor to prepare her for university entrance when she was 21 years old. In these two years she completed 8 years' worth of school syllabus.

SIR FREDERICK ABEL (1827-1902), English chemist, was born in London on the 17th of July 1827. After studying chemistry for six years under A. W. von Hofmann at the Royal College of Chemistry (established in London in 1845), he became professor of chemistry at the Royal Military Academy in 1851, and three years later was appointed chemist to the War Department and chemical referee to the government. During his tenure of this office, which lasted until 1888, he carried out a large amount of work in connexion with the chemistry of explosives.

Joseph Priestly was a clergyman, teacher, librarian and scientist who lived from 1733 to 1804. Joseph was the oldest son of a weaver and a farmer's daughter named Mary Swift. Mary died when Joseph's was six years old, and he was adopted by his paternal aunt, Sarah Kelghley. He attended Daventry academy, and studied under tutors as he developed a strong interest in chemistry.
His most important achievement was the isolation of oxygen by heating mercuric oxide. The gas we now refer to as oxygen was originally called "dephlostigated air"! He shared credit for this discovery with a Swede named Carl Scheele. Scheele was the one who figured out that heating liquids results in a release of gas. It was Priestly who, using Scheele's information, first isolated oxygen.