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Support of science and technology is a major component of the Foundation's program. Fellowships, direct support of research in selected fields, and work in the history of science and technology are basic parts of this program.
Support of science and technology is a major component of the Foundation's program. Fellowships, direct support of research in selected fields, and work in the history of science and technology are basic parts of this program.
"Kant...accepted the notion of things-in-themselves existing independently of any knowledge.... As his starting point [he took it] that any specific knowledge we claim to have of such and such an external object is obtained through our senses, [and] hence is at best only indirect and questionable.... What we know directly and with certainty is therefore only the set of our ideas. [For example,] the very notion of causality [is] an a priori mode of human understanding," in other words, an idea (d'Espagnat 1995:5-7).
When one thinks of an antique telephone, the image of an old crank wall phone generally comes to mind. Since its invention in 1876 the telephone evolved along with the technology of the time. Not only was there an evolution in the instruments but many different manufacturers produced various styles and a certain uniqueness to their wall and desk telephones. The uniqueness of the old telephones has become very attractive and many people have found these to be interesting collectables. The pages on this site will provide links to the history of the telephone and the histories of a number of current telephone companies.
Welcome to the Telephone Tribute Website! You'll find all sorts of telephone related web pages here on the history of the telephone, technical information, research resources, human interest stories, clubs, pictures, sound files, links, discussion forum, etc. If this is your first time here, you might try starting out your navigation of my web site by first looking at my Table of Contents or using the search engine to your right.
Jean-Henri Casimir FABRE was born in Saint Léons in France on December 22, 1823. He spent the first years of his youth at Le Malaval, very close to his native village, with his grandparents
On November 20th, 1998 the first module of the new International Space Station (IS(I)S) was launched at 6:40 AM GMT from the Baikonour Cosmodrome in Kazakstan. The timing of this launch was evidently designed to coincide with a number of significant celestial alignments consistent with NASA's long established ritual pattern. The precise nature and meaning of these alignments took on different characteristics depending on just where you stood within the vast Cosmodrome.
Located just north of the former city of Leninsk in central Kazakstan, initial construction of the Baikonour facility was commenced on May 5th, 1955 and the first launch was in 1957. By 1989, the Cosmodrome encompassed an incredible 1560 square km. and over 80 launch pads.
Since about 1895, Konstantin Tsiolkovskiy, (born in 1857) works on the idea of a rocket-propelled spaceship in the relative obscurity, in the town of Kaluga southwest of Moscow.
In 1934 Popper published what many regard as his Magnum Opus The Logic of Scientific Discovery. The famous chemist Wachtershauser said that this is a "gem" and that it liberated him from a sterile accounting view of science. Wachtershauser subsequently went on to develop one of the main theories of the origin of life. Frank Tipler, the famous cosmologist, regards this as the most important book this century. In one majestic and systematic attack, psychologism, naturalism, inductionism, and logical positivism are swept away and replaced by a set of methodological rules called Falsificationism. Falsificationism is the idea that science advances by unjustified, exaggerated guesses followed by unstinting criticism. Only hypotheses capable of clashing with observation reports are allowed to count as scientific. "Gold is soluble in hydrochloric acid" is scientific (though false); "Some homeopathic medicine does work" is, taken on its own, unscientific (though possibly true). The first is scientific because we can eliminate it if it is false; the second is unscientific because even if it were false we could not get rid of it by confronting it with an observation report that contradicted it. Unfalsifiable theories are like the computer programs with no uninstall option that just clog up the computer's precious storage space. Falsifiable theories, on the other hand, enhance our control over error while expanding the richness of what we can say about the world.
The Kurt Gödel Society is an international organization for the promotion of research in the areas of Logic, Philosophy, History of Mathematics,
above all in connection with the biography of Kurt Gödel, and in other areas
to which Gödel made contributions, especially mathematics, physics, theology, philosophy - Kurt Gödel was part of the so-called 'Schlick circle', the core of the Vienna Circle, as he was a member of the faculty of the University of Vienna-, and Leibniz studies.
The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy is a non-profit organization run by the editors. The Encyclopedia receives no funding, and operates through the volunteer work of the editors, authors, and technical advisors. (See the IEP Statement of Purpose).
Articles in the Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy are currently from three sources (1) original contributions by specialized philosophers around the internet, (2) adaptations of material written by the editors for classroom purposes, and (3) adaptations from public domain sources (typically from two or more sources for per article). Articles of types 2 and 3 are designated as "proto articles," and over time we wish to replace all of these with original contributions by specialized philosophers (see submission guidelines). Proto articles are identifiable by the inclusion of the initials IEP at the foot of the article. By contrast, specialized articles are identifiable by the author's name at the close.