Excerpt:
PHILOSOPHIÆ NATURALIS PRINCIPIA MATHEMATICA
AUCTORE ISAACO NEWTONO
Editio tertia MDCCXXVI
PHILOSOPHIÆ NATURALIS PRINCIPIA MATHEMATICA
AUCTORE ISAACO NEWTONO
Editio tertia MDCCXXVI
The Florida Museum of Natural History, located at the University of Florida, is Florida's state museum of natural history, dedicated to understanding and preserving biological diversity and cultural heritage.
Aesthetics
Chinese Philosophy
Cognitive Science and Philosophy of Mind
Environmental Philosophy
Ethics
Philosophy of Artificial Life
Philosophy of Feminism
History and Philosophy of Mathematics
History and Philosophy of Science and Technology
Logic
Philosophy of Religion
Political and Social Philosophy
This page is a subset of texts derived from the three major online Sourcebooks listed below. For more contextual information, for instance about the Islamic world, check out these web sites.
Internet Ancient History Sourcebook
Internet Medieval Sourcebook
Internet Modern History Sourcebook
Hundreds of important texts in the history of science are excerpted at this site and some links include full text versions. Virtually every subject in science is represented. Categories are broken down into historical eras and some geographical areas (i.e. China). Though many of the excerpts provide a brief insight into the work, some excerpts like Voltaire's letter on Newton are more comprehensive and therefore more useful. The lack of a search engine is made up for by the clean and useful navigation and anchor tags, leading from the index to more specific subjects. Paul Halsall's site is used by history professors as a handy primary text archive for undergraduate classes.
Historical Development of Earth Rotation Knowledge
The daily rotation of the earth, which causes the distinction between day and night, has been used as the basis for time reckoning for thousands of years.
This is a partial list of some of the leading Muslims. Major Muslim contributions continued beyond the fifteenth century. Contributions of more than one hundred other major Muslim personalities can be found in several famous publications by Western historians.
This large site includes dozens of bibliographies of Muslim astronomers, zoologists, mathematicians, physicians and philosophers. Also included are a series of articles about Islamic science and its impact on European thought (written by various scholars). Though the site has a clear bias, the articles should still prove useful for scholars who need a dates, names, and places or for scholars just beginning to research the history of Muslim science. The site also includes information about Islam and a number of excerpts from the Koran.
The history of cometary astronomy is naturally divided into five major periods, the transitions being marked by important new insights. Before 1600, comets were essentially considered to be heavenly omens and were not yet clearly established as celestial (astronomical), rather than meteorological phenomena in the terrestrial atmosphere. Then followed two centuries of mostly positional measurements with emphasis on the motions and the orbits, lasting until the early 19th century, when the era of cometary physics was inaugurated, in particular by the passage of P/Halley in 1835. The next major step forward occurred in 1950 with the sudden emergence of the modern picture of comets as being essentially very old solar system objects made of primordial ice and dust, generally in unstable orbits and intensively interacting with the solar electromagnetic and corpuscular radiation. Finally, the space missions to P/Giacobini-Zinner in 1985 and especially to P/Halley in 1986 provided the first in situ observations of comets and dramatically widened our scientific horizon, but also posed many new questions which are yet to be answered.
Anatomy & Construction
The standard abacus can be used to perform addition, subtraction, division and multiplication; the abacus can also be used to extract square-roots and cubic roots.
The abacus is typically constructed of various types of hardwoods and comes in varying sizes. The frame of the abacus has a series of vertical rods on which a number of wooden beads are allowed to slide freely. A horizontal beam separates the frame into two sections, known as the upper deck and the lower deck.
The Star of Bethlehem: The Legacy of the Magi
"The Star of Bethlehem: The Legacy of the Magi has stunning new insight and approach, which finally gives a confident answer to a question that has fascinated all Christians through the ages. ... don't buy any other book on the Star of Bethlehem, because the old astronomical views are guaranteed to be irrelevant." — Prof. Bradley E. Schaefer, Yale University
The Paleontological Research Institution, or "PRI", is a natural history museum with a mission incluing both research and education.
In research, PRI's claim-to-fame is one of the largest research collections of fossils in North America, publication of one of the longest running technical journals in paleontology in the Western Hemisphere, and a large interdisciplinary library.