Middle Ages (5th-15th Century)

Articles in the Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy are currently from three sources (1) original contributions by specialized philosophers around the internet, (2) adaptations of material written by the editors for classroom purposes, and (3) adaptations from public domain sources (typically from two or more sources for per article). Articles of types 2 and 3 are designated as "proto articles," and over time we wish to replace all of these with original contributions by specialized philosophers (see submission guidelines). Proto articles are identifiable by the inclusion of the initials IEP at the foot of the article. By contrast, specialized articles are identifiable by the author's name at the close.

Chinese New Year is the main holiday of the year for more than one quarter of the world's population; very few people, however, know how to compute its date. For many years I kept asking people about the rules for the Chinese calendar, but I wasn't able to find anybody who could help me. Many of the people who were knowledgeable about science felt that the traditional Chinese calendar was backwards and superstitious, while people who cared about Chinese culture usually lacked the scientific knowledge to understand how the calendar worked. In the end I gave up and decided that I had to figure it out for myself.

The calendar is very important for a society so that it can determine when things should be done. In the ancient world, knowing the time to plant crops was vital; and in modern times the calendar enters every aspect of our lives, telling when to celebrate, when to work, and when to pay our bills.

Astronomers from the Jet Propulsion Laboratory and the U.S.
Naval Observatory have solved the ancient mystery of the origin
of the Chinese calendar, it was reported to the 182nd meeting of
the American Astronomical Society today in Berkeley, Calif.

EuroDocs: Primary Historical Documents From Western Europe

The Museum of the History of Science houses an unrivalled collection of historic scientific instruments in the world's oldest surviving purpose-built museum building, the Old Ashmolean on Broad Street, Oxford. By virtue of the collection and the building, the Museum occupies a special position, both in the study of the history of science and in the development of western culture and collecting.

The HTA publishes high quality articles, books, essays, documents, historical photos, and links, screened for content, for a broad range of historical subjects.
Founded in 1990 in Mississippi as an anonymous FTP site, when the World Wide Web became readily available in the US, it became a Web site as well.

AEON is a journal of myth, science, and ancient history specializing in archaeoastronomy and.comparative mythology. The journal explores the evidence for global catastrophes and interplanetary upheaval in the recent past, seeking out the implications for the affected disciplines. Aeon is designed to encourage independent investigation, to speed up the process of communicating findings to others, and to foster a wider debate as to the interpretation of new data.

"Sundials on the Internet" is the leading world internet site for information about all aspects of sundials, including projects you can do, books you can get, national societies you can join, pictures you can see, sundials you can commission or buy and sundial trails all over the world + our competition for new ones!

Museionline results from a partnership between Microsoft and Adnkronos Cultura and provides updated information concerning over 3,500 museums. The site aims at enhancing and promoting the Italian cultural heritage worldwide. Besides detailed service information on each museum, Adnkronos Cultura provides information on cultural programmes, exhibitions, and the activities carried out by Italian museums.