Early Modern (15th-18th Century)

The Engines of Our Ingenuity is a radio program that tells the story of how our culture is formed by human creativity. Written and hosted by John Lienhard, it is heard nationally on Public Radio and produced by KUHF-FM Houston. Among other features, this web site houses the transcripts for every episode heard since the show's inception in 1988. Streaming audio is available on each of the posted episodes.

"Renaissance," French for "rebirth," perfectly describes the intellectual and economic changes that occurred in Europe from the fourteenth through the sixteenth centuries.

A listing of over 5000 websites describing holdings of manuscripts, archives, rare books, historical photographs, and other primary sources for the research scholar. All links have been tested for correctness and appropriateness. Those added or revised within the last thirty days or so are marked {New}. Please use this form or e-mail to add entries, provide corrections, or make comments on its utility. Acknowledgements to those who have recently submitted new and revised entries. Guidelines for the inclusion of sites on this list are available.

The full text of The British Journal for the Philosophy of Science is available online from 1998

Christian Huygens was born at the Hague on April 14, 1629, and died in the same town on July 8, 1695. He generally wrote his name as Hugens, but I follow the usual custom in spelling it as above: it is also sometimes written as Huyghens. His life was uneventful, and there is little more to record in it than a statement of his various memoirs and researches.

Welcome to the Blocker Collections. Moody Medical Library houses the largest collection in the history of the biomedical sciences in the southern United States. Historical holdings include rare books, archives and manuscripts, visual materials, and artifacts. Rare Book Room is open to researchers and visitors.

The human heart has always enjoyed a privileged place in conceptions of physical well-being. The University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics Medical Museum's exhibition, The Beat Goes On: A History of Cardiology, traces the interwoven history of medical knowledge and technological advance from Galen's early description of the circulatory system to modern breakthroughs in prevention, diagnosis and treatment. The exhibition begins with a Time Line, which graphically traces these major developments and identifies heart researchers who have made outstanding contributions.

Daniel I. Arnon and colleagues discovered photosynthetic phosphorylation.

The International Society for History, Philosophy, and Social Studies of Biology (ISHPSSB) brings together scholars from diverse disciplines, including the life sciences as well as history, philosophy, and social studies of science. ISHPSSB summer meetings are known for innovative, transdisciplinary sessions, and for fostering informal, co-operative exchanges and on-going collaborations

The very first ancient documents about plants (Babylonian souces, the Old Testament, HOMER's works) that came down on us regarded plants mainly under the aspects of utility and medicinal use. The interest of the old Greek philosophers focused more on the comparison of animal and man on one hand and plants on the other. EMPEDOCLES FROM AGRIENT, for example, dwelt on the question whether plants have a soul while ARISTOTLE ranks them in the middle between the inanimate and the animate. THEOPHRASTUS wrote two works of a general nature on plants: The Natural History of Plants and About the Reasons of Vegetable Growth . Both had a formative influence on the botanical research of following scientists.