Early Modern (15th-18th Century)

Imago Mundi is the only English-language scholarly periodical devoted exclusively to the history of maps, mapping and map-related ideas. It deals with all facets of the history and interpretation of maps and mapmaking in any part of the world, at any period. All articles are refereed and represent original research. Only a selection of submitted texts are published, often after extensive revision. Some 70% of the articles and book reviews are by scholars living outside the UK; almost a third of them come from beyond the English-speaking world. The journal is now multi-disciplinary and over the last few years Imago Mundi has carried the insights of geographers, historians, art historians, historians of science, social scientists, and literary scholars.

Uppsala University was founded in 1477 and is the oldest of the scandinavian universities. Preserved lecture notes from the 1480's show that lectures in astronomy were given at the philosophical faculty. There is no certain evidence of a professorship in astronomy until 1593 when the university was reerected after a period of decline following the Lutheran reformation.

Close to the astronomy library are the archives, a collection of documents, meteorological and astronomical observations, papers and drawings related to the scientific and administrative life of the Bologna Observatory.

Anders Celsius, born in Uppsala, was one of a large number of scientists (all related) originating from Ovanåker in the province of Hälsingland.

This notebook is not a bound volume used by Leonardo, but was put together after his death from loose papers of various types and sizes.

Brain surgery is perhaps the oldest of the practiced medical arts.

Astronomiae Historia contains currently more than 400 files (Web pages), which would give several thousand pages on paper when printed out. A list of nearly all files is given in the Site map. There are documents with own information, many link pages, and some Tables of Contents. To distinguish between internal and external documents, please note the URL (address) of the document as shown by your browser: All internal documents contain the string /~pbrosche/ in the URL.

Natural and Political OBSERVATIONS Mentioned in a following INDEX, and made upon the Bills of Mortality

Hellinomnimon is a digital library which consists of all the philosophical and scientific manuscripts written in Greek from 1600 to 1821. The first phase of Hellinomnimon has been completed from September 1995 to September 1997. This phase involved the process of digitizing all the books. The second phase involves the analogous processes for the manuscripts and is projected to be completed by 2002.

Apart from the Vikings, who without doubt navigated and kept track of time by means of the stars, the first important Danish astronomer was Peder Nightingale. In 1274 he observed the sunlatitude from Roskilde where he was a canon, and based on these observations he made tables showing the length of day and nights. Later he published a widespread calender in Paris. There is some indication in the sources, that he didn't believe in the relation between astrology and astronomy which was the common belief at that time.
In 1417 were "Speculum Planetarum" published by Johannes Simones de Selandia a book about the movements of the planets, very little is known of Johannes.