Early Modern (15th-18th Century)

The Karolinska Institute's History of Biomedicine web site is a massive list of links grouped according to period, region and field. Researchers will find multiple links to texts, essays and exhibits in: History of Diseases, General Museums, Libraries & Special Collections, Indigenous Cultures, Mesopotamian Medicine, Ancient Egyptian Medicine, Traditional Chinese Medicine, Traditional Indian Medicine, Classical Islamic Biomedicine, and in Western Biomedicine for the Ancient, Medieval, Early Modern and Modern Periods. Researchers can also learn more about the Karolinska Instutute and Library and will find links to other helpful resources in the history of medicine.

This text only, one-page site provides list of links to Web materials on prominent women in the history of astronomy. The list has over 30 entries, with many of these women born before the twentieth century. At the bottom of the page is one link to another site on the history of astronomy. There are no images or biographical material on this site, just links.

Part of the University of Manitoba's History of Medicine program, this site provides a brief overview of the history of fatalities associated with childbearing.

Great place to begin research about the history of Chinese medicine. It includes a directory of scholars around the world who study the history, anthropology, or sociology of Chinese medicine, with contact information, as well as a listing of related libraries and institutions, bibliographies and syllabi, and links to online resources.

An excellent starting point for researches interested in the history of chemistry. The site contains catalogs for the documentary and image archives, oral history collection, and special exhibits of the Chemical Heritage Foundation. The site also offers biographical and historical capsules, organized by subject, which can be accessed through interactive portraits and timelines. Additionally, several of the Foundation's exhibits are presented online on subjects such as women in chemistry and a pictorial exhibit of early batteries. The Chronology of Chemical Information Science presents a comprehensive timeline tracing how communication about chemistry has changed over time. There are also a number of educational tools and sites for younger students. An excellent and comprehensive site for discovering historical aspects of chemistry.

This excellent, comprehensive site examines the life and work of Galileo Galilei (1564-1642), as well as Renaissance science. The site has scores of images from Galileo's notebooks and pictures of his scientific instruments, and there are long notes about important related scientists such as Copernicus and Kepler, with illustrations of their theories. In addition to the scientific materials, there are short essays introducing members of Galileo's family, his patrons, associated institutions and universities, as well as more general historical context (e.g., the Inquisition). Bibliographies accompany the essays, and often a photograph or two of portraits, illustrations or manuscript pages. A portrait gallery contains about 30 other images of the key figures discussed on the site. An extensive timeline of Galileo's life, a searchable database of information on him and his world, an excellent glossary, and three maps of Europe, Italy and Florence round out the site.

The History of Science Society is the largest American organization focusing on the history of science. The Society's website has many features of interest for members, prospective members and the general public. There are sections of the site that list current research, publications, meetings of note, and a full array of information about the organization, its leadership and members. The Guide to the History of Science is a searchable database with entries on institutions, associations and publications, as well as the names and information for nearly 5,000 practitioners of history and philosophy of science. In addition, there is a section with regularly updated information about the Society's annual meeting, which takes place in November. Visitors can sign up to be a member of the Society or renew their membership online. A list of employment opportunities in the history of science, as well as a list of grants and awards, are helpful for professionals in the field. Also helpful for these professionals are a set of materials to aid in the teaching of the history of science. Some parts of the site, such as the Research Libraries Group's History of Science and Technology Database (of printed materials), are only accessible to members.

This site is essentially a set of links to materials of interest to members of the British Society for the History of Science. Approximately 20 links cover the publications of the organization, including a newsletter, monographs and the British Journal for the History of Science, three prizes given by the group, special offers for members, and notes about its membership and administration. There are also educational links, including a list of courses offered on the history of science in British universities, policy papers and methodological statements for teachers of the history of science, and lists of other sites that cover the history of science.

This is the home page for Oxford University's Museum of the History of Science. An overview provides a sense of the museum's collection, and a paragraph describes its history (and the history of the building it is housed in) since 1683. There are seven excellent online exhibits with numerous graphics and photographs, including pieces on the history of photography, mathematics and astronomy. All are composed for a lay audience. For researchers, a remarkable searchable database of over 13,000 objects allows visitors to find and view artifacts in the museum's collection. These objects span the entire history of science and technology, and many of them are extremely rare. Another section of the site features some of the best portraits, instruments and illustrations in the archive.

Uppsala University, in Sweden, is the oldest university in Scandanavia and a pioneering university in astronomy. This small site provides an overview of the history of the university from the fifteenth century to the present (in both English and Swedish). Included on the site are about 10 images (paintings, photographs and drawings) of the university observatories, listings of university publications from the early to middle twentieth century, a timeline of university professors in astronomy, since its origin, and a manuscript page of lecture notes from the 1480s. There are also links to related materials on astronomy and the scientists involved with the university and its discoveries.