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Early Modern (15th-18th Century)

Milestones of Science

Submitted by Anonymous on Thu, 11/08/2007 - 20:21.
  • Early Modern (15th-18th Century)
  • Earth Sciences
  • Exhibit
  • Library/Archive
  • Life Sciences
  • Medicine/Behavioral Science
  • Physical Sciences
  • Primary Source
URL: 

http://209.177.32.243/main.htm

Author: 
Buffalo and Erie County Public Library
Excerpt: 

The Milestones of Science" is a collection of first editions by world famous early scientists that form a veritable history of science, acquired in the late 1930s by the Museum of Science in Buffalo, New York, and now housed by the Buffalo and Erie County Public Library.
The relevance of science can hardly be overstated; it dominates the world in which we live. The discoveries made by the early modern astronomers Nicolaus Copernicus, Johannes Kepler, Galileo Galilei and Sir Isaac Newton helped us to understand the universe in which we live. The early studies of the first modern physicians Andreas Vesalius, William Harvey, Edward Jenner, Joseph Lister and Louis Pasteur made it possible for us to live longer and healthier lives than ever before. The current era owes a profound debt to the dozens of early scientists in fields as various as geology, biology, chemistry, mathematics and physics, whose works are represented in the Milestones Collection. Without their pioneering efforts, it is doubtful if the new Age of the Computer would have been possible.

Philosophy and Science in Ancient India

Submitted by Anonymous on Thu, 11/08/2007 - 20:21.
  • Contemporary (Post-WWII)
  • Early Modern (15th-18th Century)
  • Earth Sciences
  • Life Sciences
  • Links
  • Modern (18th-20th Century)
  • Personal
  • Philosophy of Science
  • Physical Sciences
  • Secondary Source
URL: 

http://india_resource.tripod.com/indianhistory.html

Excerpt: 

Study of Physics and Chemistry; Theories about Heat and Elementary Particles; Wave Nature of Sound and Light; Types of Motion; Physical Phenomenon such as Elasticity, Viscosity, Surface Tension, Magnetism etc; Comparisons with European Science after the 13th C:

Brief History of Optics

Submitted by Anonymous on Thu, 11/08/2007 - 20:21.
  • Ancient (BCE-40 CE)
  • Computers/Information Technology
  • Contemporary (Post-WWII)
  • Early Modern (15th-18th Century)
  • Educational
  • Middle Ages (5th-15th Century)
  • Modern (18th-20th Century)
  • Personal
  • Physical Sciences
  • Secondary Source
URL: 

http://members.aol.com/WSRNet/D1/hist.htm

Author: 
John Gormally
Excerpt: 

Euclid (Alexandria) In his Optica he noted that light travels in straight lines and described the law of reflection. He believed that vision involves rays going from the eyes to the object seen and he studied the relationship between the apparent sizes of objects and the angles that they subtend at the eye

Robert Hooke (18 July 1635 - 3 March 1703) - Natural Philosopher, Inventor, Architect

Submitted by Anonymous on Thu, 11/08/2007 - 20:21.
  • Biographical
  • Early Modern (15th-18th Century)
  • Life Sciences
  • Physical Sciences
  • Secondary Source
  • University
URL: 

http://www-gap.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Hooke.html

Excerpt: 

Robert Hooke's father was John Hooke who was a curate at All Saints Church in Freshwater on the Isle of Wight. Although formally a curate, since the minister was also Dean of Gloucester Cathedral and of Wells, John Hooke was left in charge of All Saints. It was a well off church being in the patronage of St John's College, Cambridge. As well as his duties in the church, John Hooke also ran a small school attached to the church and acted as a private tutor. Robert had a brother named John, the same as his father, who was five years older.

Caduceus-L: History of the health sciences

Submitted by Anonymous on Thu, 11/08/2007 - 20:21.
  • Contemporary (Post-WWII)
  • Early Modern (15th-18th Century)
  • Government
  • Life Sciences
  • Links
  • Medicine/Behavioral Science
  • Modern (18th-20th Century)
  • Physical Sciences
  • Primary Source
  • Secondary Source
URL: 

http://www.asap.unimelb.edu.au/

Author: 
Australian Science Archive Project
Excerpt: 

ASAP is an organisation that aims to provide access to Australia's scientific, technological and medical heritage. It has links with Australia's major scientific and cultural institutions including the National Library of Australia, Australian Archives, the Australian Academy of Science and the Australian Academy of Technological Sciences and Engineering.

Philosophy of Science

Submitted by Anonymous on Thu, 11/08/2007 - 20:21.
  • Early Modern (15th-18th Century)
  • Earth Sciences
  • Life Sciences
  • Medicine/Behavioral Science
  • Middle Ages (5th-15th Century)
  • Modern (18th-20th Century)
  • Personal
  • Philosophy of Science
  • Physical Sciences
  • Primary Source
  • University
URL: 

http://www.friesian.com/science.htm

Author: 
Kelley L Ross
Excerpt: 

A few miles farther on, we came to a big, gravelly roadcut that looked like an ashfall, a mudflow, glacial till, and fresh oatmeal, imperfectly blended. "I don't know what this glop is," [Kenneth Deffeyes] said, in final capitulation. "You need a new geologist. You need a Californian."
John McPhee, Assembling California, p. 11 [The Noonday Press; Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1993]

Thomas Hariet

Submitted by Anonymous on Thu, 11/08/2007 - 20:21.
  • Biographical
  • Early Modern (15th-18th Century)
  • Educational
  • Government
  • Physical Sciences
  • Secondary Source
URL: 

http://www.luminarium.org/renlit/hariot.htm

Author: 
Anniina Jokinen
Excerpt: 

Explorer, navigational expert, mathematician, scientist and astronomer Thomas Harriot was born in Oxford about 1560. In 1577 he entered St. Mary's Hall (a subsidiary of Oriel College) and in 1580, shortly after he was graduated B.A., he joined the household of Walter Ralegh. There he prepared Arcticon, a navigational text which has not survived. He also encouraged Ralegh to follow in the footsteps of Sir Humphrey Gilbert in exploring and colonizing the New World. After Gilbert's death in 1583, Ralegh, with Harriot's help, prepared for an expedition to America. Although Ralegh hoped to command the 1584 voyage, Queen Elizabeth would not permit him to do so. Harriot may have gone on this voyage because there is some evidence that it was at this time that he learned the Algonquian language.

Annotation: 

Thomas Hariet (1560-1621) was an explorer, navigational expert, mathematician, scientist and astronomer. This biographical site includes an essays on the life and contributions of Hariet, a bibliography and Hariet's A Briefe and True Report of the New Found Land of Virginia. The latter is in both html format and jpeg image format, and thus the text is searchable though it is broken into individual paragraphs. The "True Report" is accompanied by a textual analysis. Finally, the site is complemented by outside links that are related to Thomas Hariet.

Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy

Submitted by Anonymous on Thu, 11/08/2007 - 20:21.
  • Contemporary (Post-WWII)
  • Early Modern (15th-18th Century)
  • Earth Sciences
  • Life Sciences
  • Medicine/Behavioral Science
  • Modern (18th-20th Century)
  • Non-Profit
  • Physical Sciences
  • Primary Source
  • Secondary Source
URL: 

http://www.utm.edu/research/iep/

Author: 
James Fieser, Ph.D.
Excerpt: 

The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy is a non-profit organization run by the editors. The Encyclopedia receives no funding, and operates through the volunteer work of the editors, authors, and technical advisors. (See the IEP Statement of Purpose).
Articles in the Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy are currently from three sources (1) original contributions by specialized philosophers around the internet, (2) adaptations of material written by the editors for classroom purposes, and (3) adaptations from public domain sources (typically from two or more sources for per article). Articles of types 2 and 3 are designated as "proto articles," and over time we wish to replace all of these with original contributions by specialized philosophers (see submission guidelines). Proto articles are identifiable by the inclusion of the initials IEP at the foot of the article. By contrast, specialized articles are identifiable by the author's name at the close.

Historia Matematica Forum

Submitted by Anonymous on Thu, 11/08/2007 - 20:21.
  • Biographical
  • Contemporary (Post-WWII)
  • Early Modern (15th-18th Century)
  • Mathematics
  • Modern (18th-20th Century)
  • Personal
  • Secondary Source
URL: 

http://chasque.net/jgc/history/MH6.html

Author: 
Julio Gonzalez Cabillon
Excerpt: 

The purpose of this forum is to provide a virtual environment for scholarly discussion of the History of Mathematics (in a broad sense), amongst professionals, and non-professionals with a serious interest in the field. All scholarly aspects of the history may be discussed, and in addition such issues as:

History/Philosophy of History of Mathematics
Current trends in the History of Mathematics
Ethnomathematics
History of mathematics in teaching mathematics
Origin of mathematical terms/symbols
Biographies and obituaries
Bibliographical references
Announcements of conferences, meetings, jobs, ...

Outline of the History of Calculus

Submitted by Anonymous on Thu, 11/08/2007 - 20:21.
  • Ancient (BCE-40 CE)
  • Contemporary (Post-WWII)
  • Early Modern (15th-18th Century)
  • Mathematics
  • Middle Ages (5th-15th Century)
  • Modern (18th-20th Century)
  • Secondary Source
  • University
URL: 

http://www-gap.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/HistTopics/The_rise_of_calculus.html

Author: 
J J O'Connor and E F Robertson J J O'Connor and E F RobertsonJ J O'Connor and E F Robertson
Excerpt: 

The main ideas which underpin the calculus developed over a very long period of time indeed. The first steps were taken by Greek mathematicians.

To the Greeks numbers were ratios of integers so the number line had "holes" in it. They got round this difficulty by using lengths, areas and volumes in addition to numbers for, to the Greeks, not all lengths were numbers.

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