Life Sciences

On the morning of Tuesday, January 23, 1849, a young woman ascended the platform of the Presbyterian church in Geneva, N.Y., and received from the hands of the President of Geneva Medical College a diploma conferring upon her the degree of Doctor of Medicine. Thus, after many years of determined effort, Elizabeth Blackwell became the first woman to complete a course of study at a medical college and receive the M.D. degree.

"Experimentalization of life" designates a process that began in Europe around 1800 to reconfigure science, art, and technology. After experimental physiology had established itself as one of the paradigmatic disciplines of the 19th century, psychology and linguistics also became laboratory-based enterprises.

Experimental cultures emerged thereafter in a variety of places, as for example in literary movements relying on automatism, aleatorics, and combination. New media such as photography and film transformed the fine arts and the sciences. Cities became vast fields of experience in which people undertook all sorts of experiments in living.

The project investigates the experimentalization of life with a focus on the material culture of instruments, buildings and supply technologies. In a "Virtual Laboratory", relevant source materials as well as results of ongoing research work are made accessible online.

This is a pilot site for the electronic edition of the correspondence of Linnaeus now being prepared under the aegis of the Swedish Linnaean Society, the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, Uppsala University and its library, and the Linnean Society of London, in collaboration with the Centre international d’étude du XVIIIe siècle of Ferney-Voltaire. The project is financed by the research foundation of the Swedish National Bank.

Five elements are currently provided:

1. The texts of the letters
2. Summaries, critical apparatus and annotation
3. A list of the letters available and/or cited in the notes
4. A biographical glossary
5. A bibliography of works cited

The VL is the oldest catalog of the web, started by Tim Berners-Lee, the creator of html and the web itself. Unlike commercial catalogs, it is run by a loose confederation of volunteers, who compile pages of key links for particular areas in which they are expert; even though it isn't the biggest index of the web, the VL pages are widely recognised as being amongst the highest-quality guides to particular sections of the web.

Marshall Nirenberg is best known for “breaking the genetic code” in 1961, an achievement that won him the Nobel Prize. But what exactly is the genetic code? And how did he decipher it? This exhibit will explore genetics research in the 1950s and 1960s and explain the importance of Nirenberg's experiments and discoveries.

Research Aids for the Nineteenth Century

This page is dedicated to the life and work of the Argentinian anthropologist and paleontologist Florentino Ameghino. Alhough he has become most widely known through his anthropological work, I will focus primarily on the work Ameghino has performed on Phorusrhacids, a group of flightless carnivorous birds from the Cenozoic.

What is a polymerase? A polymerase is a naturally occurring enzyme, a biological macromolecule that catalyzes the formation and repair of DNA (and RNA). The accurate replication of all living matter depends on this activity -- an activity scientists have learned to manipulate. In the 1980s, Kary Mullis at Cetus Corporation conceived of a way to start and stop a polymerase's action at specific points along a single strand of DNA.

Nearly 10'000 links to books on philosophy, science, classics, literature, history, economics, etc. Multilingual. Several Search programs on author, title, language, words, etc.

This web site is an online gateway to the extraordinary library resources of Harvard University and serves as an important research tool for Harvard's current students, faculty, staff, and researchers who hold Harvard IDs and PINs. The site also provides practical information on each of the more than 90 libraries that form the Harvard system. Visitors and guests should consult the Library's Frequently Asked Questions before navigating the sit