Life Sciences

This work is one of the most influential in history. The famous
phrase, "COGITO ERGO SUM" (I think, therefore I am) is a central
theme. Descartes' beliefs on that dual nature of mind and body,
and his emphasis on the role of doubt in all inquiry, formed the
basis for centuries of science and social thought.
This etext was created by Ilana and Greg Newby. They used a Mac
IIci and Apple One Flatbed Scanner donated by Apple. Caere text
scanning and character recognition software (OmniPage) was used.
Greg is a professor in the U. of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign in
the Grad. School of Library and Information Science. Ilana is a
reference librarian at the Urbana Free Library. Thanks to Apple
and Caere for their donations and to the Computer Service Office
of the University of Illinois for their unofficial support.

OHIO SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
CONTRIBUTIONS BY COUNTY
1. ADAMS
Natural Scientific Features/Events:
• Notable natural areas in Adams County are found in the following locations [27,53-56,187]:
Bratton Twp.: Woodland Altars
Franklin Twp: Brush Creek Forest & Strait Creek Prairie Bluff
Green Twp.: Cave Hollow & Laurel Strath
Jefferson Twp.: Blue Cedar Bog, Buzzardroost Rock, Cedar Falls, Lynx, Red Rock, Sparrowood, & The Wilderness
Meets Twp.: Davis Memorial Forest

I am proud to present the entire text of this remarkable book. I hope it will be widely read, and I hope thereby Mivart will attain his proper place in history next to Charles Darwin. The conversion to text from the scans was completed in April of 2004. I would be grateful if you would inform me of any errors.

he Christian church has had a continuing concern for the for the relation between God, man, and nature. Western science emerged in cultures dominated by Christianity. The question arises how Christianity influenced attitudes toward nature and the practice of what was later to be called science. It is also important to discover the ways that an increasing knowledge of nature has influenced Christian thought.
Our keynote paper by English, Chemist-Historian Colin Russell aptly focuses on the value of history in understanding toady's science/faith concerns. American historians of science David Lindberg and Ronald Numbers offer a seminal statement on the 'conflict thesis' in Beyond War and Peace: A Reappraisal of the Encounter between Christianity and Science.

When future historians turn to examine the major intellectual accomplishments of the twentieth century, they will undoubtedly give a special place to the extraordinary achievements in biology, achievements that have revolutionized our understanding of life's processes and of disease. Important intimations of what was to happen in biology were already apparent in the second half of the nineteenth century. Darwin had delineated the evolution of animal species, Mendel had discovered some basic rules about inheritance, and Weissman, Roux, Driesch, de Vries, and other embryologists were beginning to decipher how an organism develops from a single cell. What was lacking at the end of the nineteenth century, however, was an overarching sense of how these bold advances were related to one another.

STEPHEN JAY GOULD teaches biology, geology and the history of science at Harvard University, where he has been on the faculty since 1967. He received an A.B. from Antioch College and a PhD. in paleontology from Columbia University. Well known for his popular scientific writings, in particular his monthly column in Natural History magazine, he is the author of 13 books.
Some creators announce their inventions with grand éclat. God proclaimed, "Fiat lux," and then flooded his new universe with brightness. Others bring forth great discoveries in a modest guise, as did Charles Darwin in defining his new mechanism of evolutionary causality in 1859: "I have called this principle, by which each slight variation, if useful, is preserved, by the term Natural Selection."

Charles Darwin did not come up with the idea of evolution, he was merely the first to come up with an explanation for how evolution worked that explained what he and other biologists saw in the world. Darwin came up with the idea of Natural Selection. This is the idea that the environment an organism lives in helps to determine which organisms survive and produce young, and which do not.

The Agnostic Christmas by Robert Ingersoll (1892)
Becoming a Freethinker and a Scientist by Albert Einstein (Off Site)
The Bigotry Of Colleges by Robert Ingersoll
The Brooklyn Divines by Robert Ingersoll (1883)
Conversation on Religion and Antisemitism by Albert Einstein (Off Site)
Crumbling Creeds by Robert Ingersoll
The Development of Religion by Albert Einstein (Off Site)
The Foundations Of Faith by Robert Ingersoll
Effect Of The World's Fair On The Human Race by Robert Ingersoll
Note About Einstein's use of the word "God"; Albert Einstein (Off Site)
On Prayer, Purpose, and the Soul by Albert Einstein (Off Site)
Religion and Science: Irreconcilable? by Albert Einstein (Off Site)

It's practically the refrain of modern life: "Everything's relative." The claim that nothing can be known for sure or in common--that truth is a construct or a fiction--is an idea that contributes to many of our contemporary discontents, from debates sparked by multiculturalism to disagreements over the state of the environment. It's also the idea behind the postmodern doctrines that now hold sway in many parts of the intellectual and academic worlds. Might it also be wrong? This special WQ debate takes that question as its starting point.

The Linnaeus´ Garden is a reconstruction of Uppsala University Botanical Garden the way it looked during Linnaeus´ days.