Computers/Information Technology

The history of engineering can be roughly divided into four overlapping phases, each marked by a revolution:

Pre-scientific revolution: The prehistory of modern engineering features ancient master builders and Renaissance engineers such as Leonardo da Vinci.

Industrial revolution: From the eighteenth through early nineteenth century, civil and mechanical engineers changed from practical artists to scientific professionals.

Second industrial revolution: In the century before World War II, chemical, electrical, and other science-based engineering branches developed electricity, telecommunications, cars, airplanes, and mass production.

Information revolution: As engineering science matured after the war, microelectronics, computers, and telecommunications jointly produced information technology.

This guide is intended for historians who want to use Geographical Information Systems (GIS). It describes how to create GIS databases and how to use GIS to perform historical research. Its aims are to:

Define GIS and outline how it can be used in historical research

Evaluate the way GIS models the world

Describe how to get data into a GIS

Demonstrate the basic operations that GIS offers to explore a database

Review how time is handled in GIS

Explain how GIS can be used for simple mapping and more advanced forms of visualisation

Discuss quantitative data analysis within GIS

Illustrate the use of GIS for qualitative analysis

Summarise documenting and preserving GIS datasets

The book provides a broad sweep of GIS knowledge relevant to historians without assuming prior knowledge. It includes case studies from a variety of historical projects that have used GIS and an extensive reading list of GIS texts relevant to historians.

The purpose of this site is to collect information to create a first-hand, historical record regarding Apple Computer and Claris Corporation. The information and stories that are collected will be preserved for use by students, scholars, universities, and other non-profit organizations.

Welcome to the ENIAC Museum Online
Today the ENIAC is only 1/10th of its original size. It was announced on February 14th, 1946.

This site is organized into the following sections:

Three Preceeding Technologies
There were three existing technologies that led to the development of ENIAC.

Mauchly and Eckert
Learn about the inventors of the ENIAC.

The ENIAC in Action
Find out about the different parts of the ENIAC and more.

Speed and Money
That means the ENIAC was faster by a factor of 1,440. The cost to run a computer has dropped even faster.

Dawn of a New Age of Information
The success of Mauchly and Eckert inspired others to build improved computers. Every year, computers became smaller and less expensive.

We Love Computers
Explore the many ways computers help us become more productive, meet new friends, and have fun!

This web site is an online gateway to the extraordinary library resources of Harvard University and serves as an important research tool for Harvard's current students, faculty, staff, and researchers who hold Harvard IDs and PINs. The site also provides practical information on each of the more than 90 libraries that form the Harvard system. Visitors and guests should consult the Library's Frequently Asked Questions before navigating the sit

ArXiv is an e-print service in the fields of physics, mathematics, non-linear science and computer science. The contents of arXiv conform to Cornell University academic standards. arXiv is owned, operated and funded by Cornell University, a private not-for-profit educational institution. ArXiv is also partially funded by the National Science Foundation.

Timothy Lenoir is professor of history and chair of the Program in History and Philosophy of Science. Lenoir is the author of The Strategy of Life: Teleology and Mechanics in Nineteenth Century German Biology, Dordrecht and Boston: D. Reidel, 1982; paperback edition by the University of Chicago Press, 1989, which examines the development of non-Darwinian theories of evolution, particularly in the German context during the nineteenth century. His other books include: Politik im Tempel der Wissenschaft: Forschung und Machtausübung im deutschen Kaiserreich, Frankfurt/Main: Campus Verlag, 1992; Instituting Science: The Cultural Production of Scientific Disciplines, Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1997, a volume which examines the formation of disciplines and the role of public institutions in the construction of scientific knowledge; an edited volume, Inscribing Science: Scientific Texts and the Materiality of Communication, appeared in spring 1998 from Stanford Press.

Media Interface Design- Powerpoint Presentation

The Hungarian Academy of Sciences (HAS) is an independent public body based on the principle of self-government.
It is constituted by the members of the Academy - ordinary and corresponding as well as external and honorary members - and by those active representatives of science who hold a scientific degree (Ph.D. or D.Sc.).
At present the number of the ordinary members is 214, while the number of the corresponding members is 86. Academicians are elected by ordinary and corresponding members. The number of public body-members at present - with academicians - is 7030. They - other than academicians - exercise their rights through representation, electing 200 non-academician representatives to the General Assembly, the main organ of the Academy, for three years.

Sherry Turkle is Abby Rockefeller Mauzé Professor of the Social Studies of Science and Technology in the Program in Science, Technology, and Society at MIT and the founder (2001) and current director of the MIT Initiative on Technology and Self, a center of research and reflection on the evolving connections between people and artifacts in the co-construction of identity http://web.mit.edu/sturkle/techself. The Initiative looks at a range of technologies including robotics, psychopharmacology, video games, and simulation software and their effects on human development. Dr. Turkle has written numerous articles on psychoanalysis and culture and on the "subjective side" of people's relationships with technology, especially computers. She received a joint doctorate in sociology and personality psychology from Harvard University, and is a licensed clinical psychologist. She is the author of Psychoanalytic Politics: Jacques Lacan and Freud's French Revolution (Basic Books, 1978; MIT Press paper, 1981; second revised edition, Guilford Press, 1992);The Second Self: Computers and the Human Spirit (Simon and Schuster, 1984; Touchstone paper, 1985; second revised edition, MIT Press, forthcoming); and Life on the Screen: Identity in the Age of the Internet (Simon and Schuster, November 1995; Touchstone paperback, 1997).