Computers/Information Technology

The Hungarian Academy of Sciences (HAS) is an independent public body based on the principle of self-government.
It is constituted by the members of the Academy - ordinary and corresponding as well as external and honorary members - and by those active representatives of science who hold a scientific degree (Ph.D. or D.Sc.).
At present the number of the ordinary members is 214, while the number of the corresponding members is 86. Academicians are elected by ordinary and corresponding members. The number of public body-members at present - with academicians - is 7030. They - other than academicians - exercise their rights through representation, electing 200 non-academician representatives to the General Assembly, the main organ of the Academy, for three years.

Sherry Turkle is Abby Rockefeller Mauzé Professor of the Social Studies of Science and Technology in the Program in Science, Technology, and Society at MIT and the founder (2001) and current director of the MIT Initiative on Technology and Self, a center of research and reflection on the evolving connections between people and artifacts in the co-construction of identity http://web.mit.edu/sturkle/techself. The Initiative looks at a range of technologies including robotics, psychopharmacology, video games, and simulation software and their effects on human development. Dr. Turkle has written numerous articles on psychoanalysis and culture and on the "subjective side" of people's relationships with technology, especially computers. She received a joint doctorate in sociology and personality psychology from Harvard University, and is a licensed clinical psychologist. She is the author of Psychoanalytic Politics: Jacques Lacan and Freud's French Revolution (Basic Books, 1978; MIT Press paper, 1981; second revised edition, Guilford Press, 1992);The Second Self: Computers and the Human Spirit (Simon and Schuster, 1984; Touchstone paper, 1985; second revised edition, MIT Press, forthcoming); and Life on the Screen: Identity in the Age of the Internet (Simon and Schuster, November 1995; Touchstone paperback, 1997).

The twentieth century has seen an unprecedented development and global expansion in Western science and its accompanying technological advances, stimulated in part by two world wars. This wedding of science and technology-or "technoscience" as it is sometimes called-has spelled great prosperity for some and a radical change in lifestyle for most. The enormous range of products and services it has produced has profoundly affected ways of thinking and social structures across the world. But it has also left its scars in the form of environmental pollution, harmful medications, technological accidents, and weaponry of unprecedented destructiveness.

The History of Bioinformatics

Despite the truly incredible amounts of enthusiasm, money and media attention pumped into computers and the internet over the past few years we still lack the most basic historical understanding of the relationship between information technology, business organizations and people's understanding of their work and lives. I'm doing my best to address this. To some extent this, like most academic home pages, is an illuminated resume, designed to charm search committees and impress visitors with my intellectual productivity. My greater hope, however, is that  by disseminating papers, resources, and syllabi this site will be useful to people researching these matters on their own, or to colleagues planning teaching and research in similar areas.

Kenneth Keniston is the Andrew W. Mellon Professor of Human Development in the Program in Science, Technology, and Society and Director of the MIT India Program at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

At the International Conference on the History of Computing held in Los Alamos in 1976, R.W. Hamming placed his proposed agenda in the title of his paper[1]: "We Would Know What They Thought When They Did It." He pleaded for a history of computing that pursued the contextual development of ideas, rather than merely listing names, dates, and places of "firsts". Moreover, he exhorted historians to go beyond the documents to "informed speculation" about the results of undocumented practice. What people actually did and what they thought they were doing may well not be accurately reflected in what they wrote and what they said they were thinking. His own experience had taught him that.

1642 Pascal's calculator
At age 19, Blaise Pascal (France) constructs the first mechanical calculator and offers it for sale. The machine is capable of adding and subtracting.
[Oxford Reference English Dictionary (1996): under "Pascal" and "Appendix 2 - Chronology of Scientific Developments"]
1647: Leibniz
1674 Leibniz's machine
Gottfried Leibniz (Germany) designs a machine for multiplication and division.
[Oxford Reference English Dictionary (1996): under "Leibniz" and "Appendix 2 - Chronology of Scientific Developments"]

OHIO SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
CONTRIBUTIONS BY COUNTY
1. ADAMS
Natural Scientific Features/Events:
• Notable natural areas in Adams County are found in the following locations [27,53-56,187]:
Bratton Twp.: Woodland Altars
Franklin Twp: Brush Creek Forest & Strait Creek Prairie Bluff
Green Twp.: Cave Hollow & Laurel Strath
Jefferson Twp.: Blue Cedar Bog, Buzzardroost Rock, Cedar Falls, Lynx, Red Rock, Sparrowood, & The Wilderness
Meets Twp.: Davis Memorial Forest